Heze Boiler Factory Co., Ltd._Shandong Heke Group

Regular inspections

1. The user unit should apply for regular inspections to the inspection agency one month prior to the expiration of the regular inspection validity period. The first regular inspection of storage tanks is generally conducted within 3 years after their commissioning. The subsequent inspection cycles are determined by the inspection agency based on the safety status level.

2. The using units and related auxiliary units should conduct technical handling after shutdown and safety inspections prior to inspection, confirming that the on-site conditions meet the requirements for the inspection work and prepare accordingly.

3. During inspections, the unit's safety manager, personnel involved in operations, maintenance, and related staff shall be present to assist with the inspection, promptly provide relevant documents, be responsible for safety supervision, and establish reliable communication methods.

Safety Protection

Potential hazards in the operation of liquefied natural gas primarily stem from its physical properties:

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) has an extremely low temperature at atmospheric pressure: -162°C.

High gas-liquid volume ratio; improper pressure reduction measures can lead to rapid pressure increase. The gas-liquid volume ratio of liquefied natural gas is approximately 620:1.

Natural gas is an asphyxiating gas.

Natural gas is a flammable gas (ignition point 538°C).

Explosions may occur in confined spaces (explosion limits in air: 5.3% to 15%)

2. When working at a site with natural gas or liquefied natural gas, the following safety knowledge is required:

Keep liquefied natural gas equipment away from flames or electric sparks.

No smoking or open flames are permitted in areas involved in LNG equipment maintenance, refueling, and storage.

When working in areas with liquefied natural gas, protective goggles, face shields, and insulated gloves must be worn. Pants should not be tucked into boots, sleeves should not be worn inside insulated gloves, and boots should not have iron nails.

During disassembly and component repair, the liquefied natural gas tank must be emptied and depressurized.

Tools used for maintenance should not produce sparks.

Warning

Protect eyes and exposed skin.

Maintain good ventilation in the area where the equipment is located.

Ensure the system is depressurized before repairing or maintaining equipment.

Keep away from flammable materials or electrical sparks.

The root valve must always remain open.

LNG stands for Liquefied Natural Gas, a high-grade natural gas product primarily composed of methane. Natural gas boasts high calorific value, low pollution, and ease of storage and transportation, making it one of the superior energy choices in modern society. LNG is the result of purifying and treating natural gas from gas fields, removing all impurities, and then cooling it to approximately -162°C under atmospheric pressure, condensing it into a safe, colorless, odorless, and non-toxic low-temperature liquid. It features high purity, high safety, high storage efficiency, and flexible transportation. Its volume is about 1/600 of the same amount of gaseous natural gas, and its weight is approximately 45% of the same volume of water.

　　Safety Advantages of LNG

Safe due to excellent physical and chemical properties: high ignition point, auto-ignition temperature of 590°C, narrow combustion range of 5-15%, lighter than air and easy to disperse. LNG will rapidly heat up and vaporize upon leakage, and the gas density of the resulting natural gas is approximately half that of air, making it highly volatile but non-flammable. Methane has stable chemical properties and can burn quietly in air without supporting combustion.

Due to superior storage conditions, it is safe: The tank material maintains mechanical strength, such as tensile and compressive strength, low-temperature impact toughness, and thermal expansion coefficient under low-temperature working conditions, making it suitable for operation in low-temperature environments. The foundation of the tank can withstand low temperatures from direct contact with LNG, the insulation material is non-flammable, and it has sufficient durability to withstand the impact force of fire-fighting water, with a reliable safety protection system. Automotive LNG is stored in insulated containers at pressures ranging from 0.05 to 0.5 MPa, offering higher safety compared to the storage pressure of 20 MPa for CNG. The low-temperature mobile cylinders have undergone rigorous inspections including high-temperature resistance tests, impact tests, and vehicle simulation tests by the National Quality Supervision and Inspection总局. Even in the event of a traffic accident, LNG leakage is unlikely to occur.

　　Economic Advantages of LNG

Due to its high calorific value, it's economical. Compared to coal, natural gas, and liquefied gas, LNG boasts a higher calorific value and a relatively stable price that is less affected by international fluctuations. The calorific value of LNG is 12,000 kcal per kilogram, while good coal only has around 8,000 kcal. A LNG vehicle of the same displacement can save about 20% on fuel costs compared to gasoline or diesel vehicles, and maintenance costs can be reduced by about 10%. Although there is a price difference of around 80,000 yuan between LNG heavy trucks and diesel trucks, the operating cost advantage is significant due to lower fuel expenditures. The fuel efficiency of 1 cubic meter of LNG (after gasification) is equivalent to about 0.95 liters of diesel (Number 0). Calculations show that a tractor can save about 80,000-140,000 yuan in fuel costs annually. A dump truck can save around 100,000 yuan in fuel costs annually.

　　Transportation Advantages of LNG

Low temperature, large gas-liquid expansion ratio, high energy efficiency, easy to transport and store. Natural gas is piped, continuous and endless, with simple and easy-to-operate equipment. It is convenient for long-distance transportation and has low costs. With the rapid development of the global natural gas industry, liquefied natural gas (LNG) has become an important part of international natural gas trade. Compared to ten years ago, the global LNG trade volume has doubled, showing a strong growth momentum.

　 Convenience advantages of LNG use

Convenient due to the LNG refueling time, which is even shorter than gasoline refueling. Long-distance LNG buses equipped with two cylinders can safely travel over 1,000 kilometers, and refueling takes only a few minutes.

Due to the power performance of LNG, it is convenient. The power performance of LNG vehicles is not inferior to diesel vehicles, with a longer driving range. A LNG truck equipped with two 450-liter gas cylinders can travel 800-1,000 kilometers.

Due to the well-developed LNG industry chain. China has established a complete technical and industrial chain for LNG vehicles. Core technologies for natural gas engines and low-temperature vehicle cylinders are mature, and vehicle assembly, spare parts production, and maintenance technologies all meet international standards.

The clean and environmental benefits of LNG

LNG is considered to be the cleanest fossil fuel on Earth, offering significant environmental benefits.

Clean due to the chemical properties of the main component of natural gas. Compared to coal as a fuel, it can significantly reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur monoxide, sulfur dioxide, dust, and other hydrocarbon compounds and nitrogen oxides, as well as coal slag and other pollutants, which is conducive to greatly improving environmental quality, bringing about substantial social benefits.

Cleaned due to the liquefied natural gas production process. In the process of natural gas being cooled to a liquid, it first passes through a gas-liquid filter to remove mechanical impurities and free liquid droplets from the natural gas; then, the raw gas heater uses MDEA to effectively absorb carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from the natural gas. Subsequent processes include decarbonization, dehydration, dehydrocarbonation, and mercury removal. A dust filter is also used to remove dust from the natural gas, among other purification steps, resulting in liquefied natural gas at -162 degrees Celsius. Data shows that using engines that burn LNG reduces overall emissions by approximately 85% compared to gasoline and diesel, with a reduction of 72% in hydroxides in vehicle exhaust, 97% in carbon monoxide, 39% in nitrogen oxides, 24% in carbon dioxide, 90% in sulfur dioxide, 40% in noise, and the absence of lead and benzene, among other carcinogens. Essentially free of sulfur compounds.

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