Gas boilers include gas water boilers, gas hot water boilers, and gas steam boilers, among which the gas hot water boiler is also known as gas heating boiler and gas bathing boiler. As the name implies, gas boilers refer to boilers that use gas as fuel. Compared to oil-fired boilers and electric boilers, gas boilers are the most economical. Therefore, most people choose gas boilers as steam, heating, and bathing equipment.
Gas boilers include models such as KS-Q Gas Water Boiler, CLHS (CWNS) Gas Hot Water Boiler, and LHS (WNS) Gas Steam Boiler, among others. The gas hot water boilers encompass both heating and bathing boilers. With the realization of the national "West Gas East Transport" project, gas boilers have gradually become the first choice for many.
The "Special Equipment Safety Supervision Regulations" define boilers as equipment that uses various fuels, electricity, or other energy sources to heat the contained liquid to certain parameters and output thermal energy. The scope includes steam boilers with a volume of 30L or more, hot water boilers with an outlet water pressure of 0.1MPa or more (gauge pressure), and a rated power of 0.1Mw or more; as well as organic heat carrier boilers. [1]
Burner
The construction of the gas burner consists of the following 5 systems:
1. Air Supply System
The function of the air supply system is to deliver air of a specific wind speed and volume into the combustion chamber. Its main components include: the housing, the fan motor,
Fan impeller, air gun nozzle, air door controller, air door damper, cam adjustment mechanism, diffuser disk.
2. Ignition System
The function of the ignition system is to ignite the mixture of air and fuel, with main components including: ignition transformer, ignition electrode, and high-voltage ignition cable. A relatively safe type of ignition system is the electronic pulse igniter, widely used by manufacturers like Zhuoyi Energy-Saving for gas boilers. It is convenient and time-saving, requiring only a finger press to operate, and offers high safety, preventing accidents due to unexpected extinguishing. In case of an extinguishing condition, the control system can promptly close the solenoid valve and shut off the gas pathway.
3. Monitoring System
The function of the monitoring system is to ensure the safe and stable operation of the burner, with main components including flame monitors, pressure monitors, and temperature monitors (as shown in the figure below).
4. Fuel System
The function of the fuel system is to ensure the fuel required for the burner to burn. The main components of a fuel oil burner's fuel system include: fuel lines and connectors, fuel pumps, solenoid valves, nozzles, heavy oil preheaters. For gas burners, the main components are: filters, regulators, solenoid valve assemblies, ignition solenoid valve assemblies, and fuel butterfly valves.
5. Electric Control System
The electrical control system serves as the command and coordination center for the aforementioned systems. The main control components are programmable controllers, which vary depending on the type of burner. Common programmable controllers include the LFL series, LAL series, LOA series, and LGB series. The primary difference lies in the timing of each program step.
Gas-fired boilers have their own maintenance procedures, which encompass not only the maintenance of the boiler itself but also that of auxiliary equipment and accessories. The maintenance of a single gas-fired boiler unit alone is a complex topic, as the structure of the boiler is intricate. Only regular normal use and careful maintenance can ensure a longer service life of the boiler. Compared to more complex maintenance tasks like circulating fluidized bed boiler and power station boiler maintenance, the maintenance of gas hot water boilers and gas steam boilers is relatively easier due to the simpler structure of the boiler itself. However, it is still much more challenging than maintaining ordinary machinery.
1. Cleanliness:
Open the burner door, remove the rear shell panel, and unscrew the boiler's side cleaning port screws. Clean the gas pipe with a wire brush. Clean the combustion chamber with a soft brush. Remove the residue inside the boiler, screw the cleaning port screws back on, close the burner door, and check if the seal ring is intact.
2. Anti-freezing:
If the boiler is installed in an area with temperatures below 0°C, the following protective measures must be taken: If the boiler room is outdoors, reduce the indoor temperature to 15°C or 18°C to keep the boiler running all day. If the room will be unoccupied for a long period, drain the water from the boiler.
3. Cathodic Protection
Boiler components are made of various materials, such as cast iron, copper, and aluminum. Cathodic protection measures must be taken to prevent electrochemical corrosion.
4. Wastewater Discharge
The bottom drain of the gas boiler can prevent smoke condensation. Smoke condensation occurs due to water content in the flue gas (diesel or natural gas) and excessively low flue gas temperatures. Burning 1kg of diesel produces 1.04kg of water. Some of this water is exhausted through the chimney, some is absorbed by the chimney walls, and the remainder settles at the bottom of the chimney. The amount of water produced is affected by factors such as flue gas temperature (efficiency reaches 91% at 170℃), the total surface area of the chimney, the material of the chimney, and the insulation of the chimney.
5. Burner Maintenance:
Maintenance of gas boilers and burners is best conducted after the heating season, rather than at the start of it. This is because combustion products can corrode the boiler and accumulate soot, so it's not advisable to allow the combustion products to linger in the boiler for too long.
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