Porous concrete is formed by a thin layer of cement paste bonding the surface of coarse aggregates, creating a honeycomb structure with uniformly distributed voids, thus exhibiting features like breathability, water permeability, and light weight. As a new eco-friendly and ecological road material, colored porous pavement is increasingly gaining popularity. It is a creative material for restoring the Earth's environment that is continually being damaged, and it will contribute to the sustainable development of humanity. Colored porous pavement boasts rich characteristics, including high water permeability; porous pavements have pores ranging from 15% to 25%.
Sponge City---Reservoir
Retain rainwater by respecting the natural terrain and topography, allowing rainfall to naturally disperse. With artificial construction having disrupted the natural landscape, water accumulates in one place quickly, leading to internal flooding. Therefore, it is necessary to store rainfall for regulation and peak-shaving purposes. Currently, there are no fixed standards or requirements for the water storage phase in sponge cities. The styles of underground water storage are diverse, with two common forms: plastic module water storage and underground water reservoirs.
Sponge City --- Retard
Its primary function is to delay the runoff of rainwater formed in a short period. For instance, by micro-topographical adjustment, it allows rainwater to slowly accumulate in one place, trading time for space. Through "retention," it can delay the peak formation of runoff. The specific forms can be summarized into three: rainwater gardens, ecological retention basins, infiltration ponds, and artificial wetlands.
Sponge City — Pure
Through soil infiltration and via vegetation, green systems, water bodies, and others, water quality can be purified. Therefore, it should be collected, treated for purification, and then reused in urban areas. Rainwater purification systems are set up differently based on regional environmental variations, and the urban environment can generally be divided into three categories: residential area rainwater collection and purification, industrial area rainwater collection and purification, and municipal public area rainwater collection and purification. Based on these three types of regional environments, different rainwater purification stages can be set. Currently, the familiar purification process is divided into three stages: soil filtration purification, artificial wetland purification, and biological treatment.
Additionally, the unique pore structure of the permeable paving system allows lower ground temperatures to enter the surface, thereby reducing the overall temperature of the paved area. In reality, an increasing number of buildings are reducing people's comfort and expanding the range of thermal stress; air quality has severely deteriorated, with various toxic fumes easily spreading in hot air. More smoke leads to more people suffering from respiratory diseases, living in danger every day; with the reduction of tree shade, people are exposed to sunlight for extended periods, and the low density of building materials (15-25% voids) itself reduces the ground's heat storage capacity, significantly increasing the likelihood of skin cancer. The structural characteristics of permeable concrete make the permeable paving system, in terms of heat absorption and storage, comparable to the surface covered with natural vegetation, thus solving the problem of people's living environment.
