Compensators, also commonly referred to as expansion joints or flexible joints, are composed of the bellows (a type of elastic element) that form the main working part, along with attachments such as end pipes, supports, flanges, and conduits. They are a type of compensation element. They utilize the excellent expansion and contraction deformation of the bellows to absorb size changes in pipelines, conduits, and containers due to thermal expansion and contraction, or to compensate for axial, lateral, and angular displacements of pipelines, conduits, and containers. They can also be used for noise reduction and vibration damping. In modern industry, they have a wide range of applications. In heating systems, to prevent pipeline deformation or damage caused by thermal expansion or temperature stress when heating pipes, compensators need to be installed on the pipelines to compensate for the thermal expansion, thereby reducing the stress on the pipe walls and the forces acting on valve or support structures.