High-temperature tube bundle condenser

Tube-in-tube condenser structure
The tube-type condenser is primarily composed of the shell, tube plate (also known as a header), tube bundle, and top cover (also referred to as a head). Parallel tube bundles are fitted inside the circular shell, with the ends of the tubes fixed to the tube plate. The method of fixing tubes to the tube plate is generally by welding or胀管法(brazing). The top covers equipped with import or export tubes are connected to the ends of the shell flanges with screws, forming a fluid distribution chamber between the top cover and the tube plate. It is widely used due to its simple and robust structure, ease of manufacture, broad material range, high processing capacity, and versatility.
During heat exchange, the cooling water enters through the connection pipe at the top cover, flows within the pipes, and this path is called the tube side; the harmful vapor flows in the space between the tube bundle and the shell, and this path is called the shell side; the surface area of the tube bundle is the heat transfer area. In the condensation recovery process, whether it's the condensation of saturated vapor or the condensation with non-condensable gas, generally speaking, condensation in the shell side of the horizontal condenser is more reasonable due to its favorable heat transfer, pressure drop, and cleaning aspects.

Tube-in-Tube Condenser Classification
(1) Fixed tube sheet heat exchangers: Simple and compact structure, capable of withstanding high pressure, low cost, easy to clean the tube side, and easy to block or replace tubes when damaged.
(2) Floating Head Heat Exchanger: Easy to clean inside the tubes and between them, without generating thermal stress.
(3) U-tube heat exchanger: Consists of a single tube plate with multiple U-shaped tube bundles. The ends of the tubes are fixed on the same plate, allowing for free expansion and contraction. No thermal stress is generated when there is a temperature difference between the shell and the U-tube heat exchanger.
(4) Sliding tube sheet heat exchangers: Simple structure, low cost, and can add baffles to the tube box as needed to enhance heat transfer.

Features of Tube-in-Tube Condensers
(1) Horizontal shell-side film heat transfer coefficient is several times higher than that of vertical tube internal or external film, and non-condensibles do not accumulate in dead corners, making them easier to discharge.
(2) The cooling water flows inside the pipes for easy cleaning of scale. Water flow within the pipes ensures a higher velocity, which is beneficial for reducing the rate of scale formation and improving the heat transfer coefficient of the water film.
(3) Tube-in-tube condenser, positioning the lower tubes at the cooling water inlet, allowing condensate to accumulate at the bottom, thereby reducing the condensate temperature. In a surface condensation system, it is crucial to further cool the condensate. If the condensation system temperature is high, organic gases will volatilize significantly upon contact with air. The general requirement for the condensate outlet temperature is 60°C or lower. Of course, an additional cooler can be added, but this will increase costs.