Laser cutting is achieved by using a focused laser beam to heat the material. The material melted by the laser can be effectively removed by blowing with a jet of gas or by its own vaporization, thus forming a cut. There are three basic methods of laser cutting:

Laser Cutting Technology
In laser cutting, inert gases (such as nitrogen or argon) are supplied in the axial direction of the laser beam. The heat generated by the laser beam forms a molten layer, which is then jetted downward through the cut under the pressure of the gas coming from the nozzle. Laser cutting can be used to cut carbon steel up to 25 mm thick.

Laser flame cutting, also known as reactive cutting, utilizes a laser beam in conjunction with oxygen or air to heat the base material to its ignition point. As the laser beam melts the surface of the base material, a heat-releasing reaction occurs between the gas and the material, creating an additional heat source to form an oxide layer or slag. The slag is then blown away from the base material's bottom by the gas flow, forming the cut. Laser flame cutting is commonly used for cutting alloy steel (e.g., carbon steel) at relatively high speeds, with a cutting thickness up to 40 mm.

Sublimation or evaporation cutting typically involves processing materials by heating them to their vaporization point. This method is commonly used for materials with lower vaporization temperatures, such as polymers, wood, and organic materials.