The lathe typically consists of the main spindle box, feed box, leadscrew and nut, guide rail, carriage box, tool holder, tailstock, bed, and cooling device. Lathes are capable of processing a variety of workpieces, such as shafts, disks, and rings, through multiple operations. They are commonly used for machining the internal and external rotating surfaces, ends, and various internal and external threads of workpieces.