Ethanol Distillation Tower

Principle of operation for a distillation column
Distillation is a typical unit operation in chemical production for separating mutually soluble liquids. Its essence is a multi-stage distillation process, where, under certain pressures, the different boiling points or vapor pressures of the components in the mutually soluble liquids are utilized to vaporize the lighter components (those with lower boiling points or higher vapor pressures). Through multiple partial vaporization of the liquid phase and partial condensation of the gas phase, the concentration of lighter components in the gas phase and heavier components in the liquid phase gradually increases, thereby achieving separation.