Basalt aggregates are primarily composed of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide (with trace amounts of potassium oxide and sodium oxide), with silicon dioxide making up approximately 45% to 50%. Basalt commonly comes in black, dark brown, or olive green hues. Known for its excellent compressive and tensile strength, as well as its good wear resistance and low water absorption rate, basalt is a superior decorative building material. Basalt aggregates are used in the repair of roads, railways, and airport runways, offering strong compressive strength, low crushing value, high corrosion resistance, and asphalt adhesion. Basalt is also characterized by its wear resistance, low water absorption, poor electrical conductivity, strong compressive strength, low crushing value, high corrosion resistance, and asphalt adhesion, and is internationally recognized as a solid foundation for the development of railway and road transportation.

Basalt has a wide range of applications, extending beyond the construction industry. It is an excellent raw material for producing "cast stone," which, after melting, casting, crystallization processing, and annealing, forms a new material that is as hard as alloy steel and wear-resistant, offering superior corrosion resistance compared to lead and rubber. Basalt can also act as a "lubricant" in a cast steel process, extending the lifespan of the casting film. Furthermore, it can be drawn into glass fibers, and the basalt glass fiber cloth it produces has stronger alkali resistance and better high-temperature performance than regular glass fiber cloth.