The air circulation device within the horizontal vulcanization kettle not only enhances heat exchange efficiency but also ensures a more uniform temperature distribution throughout the kettle, thereby improving the quality of vulcanized products. The air circulation device consists of two parts: a blower and a duct.

The bottom of a horizontal vulcanizing tank, also known as the head, is typically made of an elliptical head or a dish head. The elliptical head consists of a semi-ellipsoid and a short cylindrical section (with straight edges) of height h0. The purpose of the straight edges is to avoid hoop stress at the circumferential weld between the tank and the head. Although the curvature radii at various points of the elliptical head are not the same, the change in radii is continuous, so the stress distribution within the head is not abrupt when it is subjected to internal pressure.