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It is cold-resistant, prefers a humid environment, fears prolonged waterlogging, and has no strict soil requirements, growing normally in loam, sandy loam, and light clay soils. It prefers neutral or slightly acidic soil. Water and fertilizer management: Tianmu Juhua enjoys a humid environment, and when cultivated in a nursery, the soil should be kept moist; excessive dryness affects growth, causing the leaves to become small and yellow. After transplanting in spring, the first three waterings should be done promptly, and after the third watering, water once or twice a month thoroughly. After watering, the soil should be loosened to retain moisture. At the end of autumn, it is important to water before freezing. In the early spring of the following year, water should be applied to thaw the soil promptly, and then water once a month thoroughly. At the end of autumn, water should be applied as in the previous year. From the third year onwards, it can be managed accordingly.NextYearly irrigation methods. The Tianmu jinhua prefers rich soil, and when planted, it can be fertilized with decomposed and fermented cow and horse manure as base fertilizer, which should be thoroughly mixed with the cultivation soil. Mid to late mid-month, apply urea once, and apply a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer once in early August. At the end of autumn, apply farmyard manure in conjunction with freezing water irrigation. In early April and early May of the following year, apply urea once each to effectively accelerate growth. Apply phosphorus-potassium fertilizer for the first time. At the end of autumn, apply farmyard manure using the previous year's method. Thereafter, fertilization can be done according to the following year's method. Propagation methods The Tianmu jinhua is a plant with dual dormancy in the hypocotyl and plumule, and seeds require two winters and one summer of sand storage stratification treatment before sowing, which is not only time-consuming but also cumbersome, hence propagation is generally done through cuttings. There are two types of cuttings: softwood cuttings and hardwood cuttings, with one-year-old hardwood cuttings commonly used for propagation.

Seed Sowing Techniques

1. Site selection and land preparation

In recent years, due to insufficient seeds caused by mining, home planting has been adopted. Choose sloping terraces on sandy loam or humus-rich soil for cultivation; avoid areas with clay soil or prone to waterlogging. When sowing on newly cultivated wasteland, clear stones and branches from the field. Apply sufficient base fertilizer before sowing, about 22,500 kg of manure per hectare and 75 kg of superphosphate, spread evenly and plowed to 25-30 cm deep. Then, carefully level the soil to create flat beds 100-130 cm wide or raised ridges 30 cm wide for sowing.

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Seedling bedding should be thoroughly moist and well-aerated, such as potting mix with good porosity, and perlite can be mixed in if needed. pH should be between 5.5 and 6; EC should be between 0.5 and 0.6, as exceeding this EC value will decrease germination rate. Sow 5 seeds per hole, immediately cover with a thin layer of vermiculite, and lightly water. Once the trays are removed from the greenhouse, spray immediately (for Phytophthora and Botrytis fungi). Germination of seeds should be carried out indoors. Viola seeds require light, cover the trays with non-woven fabric to maintain relative humidity at 1%. Germination period is 7 to 9 days. Temperature should be kept at 17°C to 18°C for the first 4 weeks; then, 15°C to 16°C thereafter.

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2. Breeding Methods

Propagated by seeds, they can be directly planted or transplanted after seedling cultivation. For large-scale production, direct seeding is commonly used. The germination rate of seeds is approximately 90%, with optimal conditions at around 20℃ and sufficient humidity. Seedlings can emerge within 30-60 days after sowing. If the temperature drops below 20℃, it may take over two months for the seedlings to emerge.

Livestream: Sow before the winter freeze or at the start of spring. Spring planting should be conducted from late March to early April. Before sowing, soak the seeds thoroughly. Once the water has drained, plant in rows at a spacing of 17-20 cm on slightly flattened slopes. The trench depth should be 1.8 cm, sprinkle the seeds evenly, cover with 0.7-1 cm of soil, use approximately 22.5 kg of seeds per hectare, and keep the soil moist. Germination is expected around 40-60 days after sowing.

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The area of the community garden is much larger than that of private gardens, which cannot be maintained by just a few households. Many community properties often face issues such as vegetation death, plant wilting, and poor plant growth due to inadequate maintenance and construction work if they lack a well-developed green management department. Therefore, whether in large residential communities or small residential buildings, there should be a dedicated green department responsible for maintaining areas with abnormal plant growth and promptly replanting damaged plants to ensure the overall ecological and aesthetic effects of the garden are maintained in good condition.

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Seedling Transplanting: Choose sunny beds for seedling transplanting, sowing from March to April, either in rows or evenly scattered. Sow seeds in 10 cm rows, dig shallow grooves, and sprinkle seeds evenly into the grooves, then cover with soil. Lightly compact the soil, water with a sprayer, or first water the beds of the sunny beds, then proceed with sowing. After evenly spreading the seeds, cover the bed with a layer of fine soil using a bamboo sieve. Cover the sowing bed with plastic film or a straw mat to retain heat and moisture, which accelerates seed germination. Once the seedlings reach 7 cm in height, dig up the seedlings with soil balls and transplant them into the field, with rows spaced 17-20 cm apart and plants 7-10 cm apart. Water the transplanted seedlings promptly, and when new shoots appear and leaves begin to expand, loosen the soil gently once. Proper moisture conservation and seedling care are crucial for high yields.

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Among them, the宅园 levels in the Jiangnan region are particularly high, and the quantity is also substantial. What are the main characteristics of Jiangnan gardens? Jiangnan gardens are greatly influenced by poetry, literature, and painting. These gardens, ranging from a small one or two mu to a large ten or more mu, can all blend architecture with the natural landscape, following the terrain and shaping pools and hills, planting flowers and trees. They particularly emphasize adapting to the local conditions, arranging mountains, springs, flowers, trees, and buildings in a reasonable layout, achieving an effect that seems as if crafted by nature. Do Jiangnan gardens place a strong emphasis on rock stacking and water management? Yes, they do. Jiangnan gardens often take landscapes as their theme. The water flows around the mountains, and the mountains come alive with water. Within the gardens, pools are dug and hills are constructed to embody the majesty of the mountains. To highlight the steepness of the mountain, rocks are often stacked into peaks on slopes. Different scenic areas are arranged at varying distances from the water's edge, creating a natural, winding, and varied landscape.

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Field Management

Seedlings require strong direct sunlight during the seedling stage and can be intercropped with corn, sesame, soybeans, and wheat crops. In spring or autumn, scatter the seeds between wheat rows or on the field ridges, lightly cover them with soil. After harvesting wheat, plant corn, and after the autumn corn harvest, quickly lay the stalks down to allow the seeds to grow fully. Plant low-lying plants the following year.

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When the mite population in summer does not affect tree growth, you can spray clean water or wash with 0.1 to 0.2 Baume degree of copper sulfate-lime mixture. When the mite population is dangerous, you can spray 6 times of 2% trichloroacetic acid emulsion, or 2 times of 73% propargite emulsion, or 15 to 2 times of 5% nitenpyram emulsion, or 2 times of 2% emulsion, or 8 times of 2% trichlorosulfone wettable powder, or 8 to 1 times of 2% egg lactone wettable powder, or apply it to the roots or irrigate. Pay attention to protecting or utilizing natural enemies. During the dry season, water promptly to compensate for the water loss in trees due to drought and mite damage.

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Before seedling emergence, keep the soil moist. After emergence, regularly weed and loosen the soil. Thin densely packed seedlings when they reach 3 cm in height. Combine weeding and soil loosening when the seedlings are 7 cm tall, spacing them 7-10 cm apart. When the seedlings grow to 17 cm, apply 225 kg of superphosphate and 75 kg of urea per hectare. Be cautious not to damage the stems during soil loosening, weeding, or fertilizing to avoid affecting yield. The stems of newly seeded plants are thin and weak, so before the rainy season, cultivate and add soil to prevent lodging. Regardless of direct seeding or seedling planting, the plants only grow basal leaves in the first growing year and rarely produce stems or flowers. During the following year's field management, from July to September, prune the plants for flowering except for seed-saving purposes. Currently, seeds are not easily collected. Maintain seed collection plots in artificially cultivated areas, and pay attention to propagating and harvesting seeds to facilitate the expansion of planting areas.

Indoor potted flowers cultivated at home, many of which are native to tropical or temperate regions, thrive in warmth. To help the potted flowers survive the winter, they should be gradually moved indoors during late autumn or early winter. Special attention should be given to the following management points: Placement: The location where the potted flowers are placed indoors should consider the characteristics of various flowers. Typically, flowers that bloom during winter and spring (such as Cactaceae, Cyclamen, Chrysanthemum, Poinsettia, Camellia, etc.) and herbaceous flowers sown in autumn (like Dianthus, snapdragons, etc.), as well as those that prefer sunlight and warmth (like Michelia, Jasmine, Magnolia, etc.), should be placed in a sunny spot on a windowsill or near a windowsill; some flowers that enjoy semi-shade in summer and sunlight in winter, like Aglaonema and吊兰, also require a sunny spot; flowers that prefer warmth and partial sunlight, such as Dracaena and Begonia, etc.

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The Shangxi Dazhai Stone Peak in the Sea of Stones features hidden stone dog figures and stone turtles, all carved from the Shangxi Dazhai Stone Peak's Qing Shi, a limestone formed during the Ordovician period 500 million years ago, characterized by medium-thick layered marine sedimentary limestone. It is primarily divided into two categories: one resembling the Anhui Lingbi Stone in shape, a natural limestone formation; and the other resembling ginger, known as mud ginger stone. Dazhai is represented by the former, with its value for viewing and collecting mainly attributed to this type. Although Dazhai Qing Shi is a contemporary newcomer, even stone enthusiasts outside of Shanxi rarely get to see it, and its market value is not high, with a high-quality stone often found for a few to several thousand yuan. However, according to the records of the "Xi Yang County Records" edited by the former Qing Dynasty jinshi Li Guangyu in the fourth year of the Republic of China, the stone appreciation culture in Xi Yang has a history of at least 500 years.

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Throughout the entire growing season, grapevines require the management of lateral branches, but in June, it's the fruit-setting period for grapevines, also the time for shaping the tree. Properly managing the lateral branches at this stage ensures that only simple removal of sprouts is needed later on. The treatment method for lateral branches is "top retention" and "bottom scraping," and each grapevine's lateral branches should be handled according to specific circumstances. "Top retention" involves assessing the position of the fruit clusters; lateral branches above the fruit clusters should be appropriately retained. Continuous topping is necessary for the upper lateral branches to ensure robust growth, with new leaves on the lateral branches providing nourishment for fruit growth on the stems. Avoid excessive retention or insufficient pruning.

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This information is compiled and published by Jiangsu Tianfu Greening Engineering Co., Ltd. -- Tianfu Seed Industry (tzfzy).