Precision and special processing technologies have brought about many changes in the field of mechanical manufacturing:
⑴ Improved the processability of the material. The machinability of workpiece materials is no longer directly related to their hardness, strength, toughness, brittleness, etc. Diamond, hard alloy, quenched steel, quartz, glass, ceramics, etc. are difficult to process, and various methods such as electric discharge, electrolysis, laser, etc. have been used to manufacture cutting tools, tools, wire drawing dies, etc; It is easier to process quenched steel using electric discharge machining and wire cutting than untempered steel.
⑵ Changed the typical process route of the parts. In traditional machining, except for grinding, other cutting and forming processes must be arranged before the quenching heat treatment process, which is an inviolable process principle. After the emergence of precision and special processing technologies, in order to avoid deformation caused by quenching heat treatment after processing, it is generally first quenched and then processed. Materials such as wire electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining must undergo quenching treatment before processing.
The emergence of precision and special processing has also had an impact on the "dispersion" and "concentration" of previous processes. Due to the lack of significant mechanical forces in precision and special machining processes, even larger and more complex machining surfaces often require the use of a complex tool and a simple motion trajectory. After one installation and one process, the machining process is relatively concentrated.
Greatly shorten the trial production cycle of new products. When trial producing new products, precision and special processing techniques can be used to directly process various special and complex quadratic surface parts, which can save the need for designing and manufacturing corresponding cutting tools, fixtures, measuring tools, molds, and secondary tools, greatly shortening the trial production cycle of new products.
Has a significant impact on the structural design of product components. For example, the Yamagata silicon steel sheet stamping die, which used to adopt a mosaic structure in the past, can now be made into an integral structure even with hard alloy molds or cutting tools using electrical discharge and wire cutting processing technologies.
⑸ It has a significant impact on the traditional criteria for measuring the quality of structural craftsmanship. In the past, it was generally believed that square holes, small holes, curved holes, narrow seams, etc. were typical examples of poor processability, which were very "taboo" for designers and craftsmen, and some were even "forbidden zones" for mechanical structures. For electrical discharge perforation machining and electrical discharge wire cutting machining, the difficulty level of machining square holes and circular holes is the same. After the introduction of electric discharge and wire cutting, in order to avoid defects such as cracking and deformation caused by quenching treatment, drilling and slotting are specially arranged after quenching treatment
