In piping systems, elbows are fittings used to change the direction of the pipeline. Commonly available in 45°, 90°, and 180° angles, additional non-standard angles such as 60° elbows are also available based on engineering requirements. Materials for elbows include cast iron, stainless steel, alloy steel, malleable cast iron, carbon steel, non-ferrous metals, and plastics.

Ways to connect pipes include: direct welding (the most common method), flange connection, hot melt connection, electric melt connection, threaded connection, and socket weld connection, etc. They can be categorized by production process into: welded elbows, stamped elbows, expanded elbows, cast elbows, and double-welded elbows, etc. Other names: 90-degree elbows, right-angle elbows, etc.

Elbows are a commonly used type of pipe fitting in plumbing installations, designed for connecting at pipe bend locations to alter the direction of the pipeline.

Other Names: 90° Elbow, Right Angle Bend, Er Bend, Pressed Elbow, Forged Elbow, Machined Elbow, Welded Elbow, etc.

Application: Connects two pipes with the same or different nominal diameters, allowing the pipeline to make 90°, 45°, 180°, and various degrees of turns.

Bends with a radius less than or equal to 1.5 times the pipe diameter are classified as elbows, while those with a radius greater than 1.5 times the pipe diameter are considered bends.