1.Fire-retardant coatings possess inherent flame resistance or non-flammability, preventing the base material from directly contacting air, delaying ignition and reducing the speed of combustion.

2.Fire-retardant coatings have a low thermal conductivity, delaying the transfer of flame temperature to the protected base material.

3.Fire-retardant coatings decompose into non-flammable inert gases when heated, reducing the flammable gases emitted by the object being maintained, making it less likely to burn or slow down the combustion rate.

4.Nitrogen-containing fire-resistant coatings decompose upon heating to release groups like NO and NH3, which then react with organic free radicals, halting the chain reaction and reducing temperature.