Roots grow in the mud, with the entire plant submerged in water, featuring well-developed aerenchyma for gas exchange. Leaves are typically narrow and elongated or filamentous, capable of absorbing nutrients from the water and continuing normal growth and development under weak underwater light conditions. They have specific water quality requirements, as turbid water can hinder photosynthesis. Flowers are small and the blooming period is short, with leaf appearance being the primary focus. Submerged plants absorb nutrients from the water, including nitrogen and phosphorus, during growth. For eutrophic lakes and wetlands, planned annual harvesting of submerged plants can transfer excessive nutrients from the water, playing a positive role in mitigating eutrophication. Submerged plants are crucial for maintaining the clear water stability of lakes; as they disappear, lakes can transition from clear to turbid water, a process known as steady-state transformation. An important task in lake ecological restoration is to transform lakes from turbid to clear water states through the recovery of submerged plants. Generally, submerged plants with low intrinsic stability can serve as pioneer species for water ecological restoration.