Gravity casting machine refers to the processing technology of pouring metal material liquid into the metal material cavity under the effect of cosmic forces to obtain castings. The gravity casting discussed includes sand casting, metal material mold casting, investment casting, lost foam casting, mud mold forging, etc; Narrow gravity casting specifically refers to metal material casting. Gravity casting machine usually refers to the equipment for opening, locking, and taking parts in the casting of metal materials using force casting. Metal material gravity casting machines can be divided into two categories: tilting gravity casting machines and mobile gravity casting machines. The tilting gravity casting machine can establish the tilting pouring of grinding tools, which can reasonably improve the essential quality of castings, and is very suitable for the casting of complex castings such as intake manifolds.

Security technical specifications

Risk sources and frequent safety accidents in forging

Forging production and manufacturing are characterized by multiple process flows, large lifting and transportation volumes, high temperatures during processing, and various harmful substances, smoke, thick smoke, and noise, which often lead to safety accidents such as burns, fire accidents, explosions, and mechanical injuries during forging operations; On the other hand, it is also prone to occupational health hazards such as radiation heat, poisoning, vibration, and silicosis. Therefore, the safety of forging operations is of utmost importance in terms of preventing contamination, insulation, and mechanical injury. Below, people will introduce in detail the common safety issues of forging according to the different process flows of forging safety operations.

Key points of operating procedures

1. Safe sand mixing operation

In safe sand mixing operations, workers usually use roller type sand mixers. The key risk of this type of mechanical equipment is that when the actual operator extends their hand to remove the sand sample or shovel out the sand while the sand mixer is running, their hand may get caught or dragged into the sand mixer, causing damage. Therefore, when using a roller type sand mixer, people should pay special attention to the following key operating procedures:

(1) The equipment should be maintained and managed by a dedicated person. Before driving, it should be inspected and confirmed that everything is normal before it can be used.

(2) After the sand mill is started, it is forbidden to manually scrape the material, remove the grinding wheel, and take sand samples from the grinding plate by hand.

(3) When entering the grinding disc for maintenance and cleaning, it is necessary to disconnect the power supply and assign a dedicated person to monitor. And hang a safety sign on the high-voltage switchgear that reads' Many people are repairing, reclosing is prohibited '.

(4) The sand mill needs to have a sampler. For sand mills without samplers, sampling must be done after shutdown.

(5) It is strictly prohibited to scoop out molding sand from the sand mill while it is in operation.

(6) Immediately remove any machine sand and items scattered on the work environment to ensure the safety of personnel movement.

2. Safety homework for styling design

(1) Special attention should be paid to the safety of lifting, hoisting, and transportation during the design of the shape. It is strictly prohibited to work directly under the lifted object for the sake of convenience. The sand mold should be placed on a stable and sturdy support frame to avoid fatal impacts caused by falling objects.

(2) When designing and making handmade shapes and cores, special attention should be paid to avoiding damage such as sand boxes, floor standing core boxes hitting feet, fingers being squeezed into shape by sand boxes, steel nails and other sharp copper pieces in the sand cutting hands, nails piercing feet, etc. In practical operation, special attention should be paid to the method of transporting sand boxes and core boxes, wearing safety shoes with firm shoe uppers, and using screening or magnetic separation to separate steel nails, metal material fragments, etc. from the sand.

(3) Sand box stacking for styling design should avoid collapsing and injuring people, and the total height to width ratio of stacking usually does not need to exceed 2m.

(4) When selecting a pit design, it is important to know the water level line at the location of the pit design to prevent high-temperature metal material liquids from exploding when exposed to moisture during pouring. Exhaust pipe holes should also be allocated to ensure that the vapor at the bottom of the metal casting can be successfully discharged outside the mold.

(5) The reinforcing plates of the core iron and sand box do not need to be exposed on the surface of the metal casting, otherwise, due to moisture, the contact between the metal material liquid and the two can easily cause "ignition" and burn safety workers.

(6) When designing and manufacturing devices, it is necessary to understand the characteristics and operating procedures of the equipment.

(7) When designing and compacting the sand, the actual operators should wear hard toe work shoes and maintain a concentrated mental state. When operating the compactor, the hammer does not need to be placed on the bottom of the foot or the edge of the box, the box belt, the inlet and outlet of the glue to prevent harm to the quality of the sand mold and personal accidents.

(8) When designing the sand casting shape, the operators should cooperate well with each other; There is no need to stack sand boxes or other objects around the suspended wall of the sand throwing machine; When terminating work, the hanging wall should be tightly secured so that it cannot swing.

3. Safe operation of sand drying

(1) When loading and unloading the furnace, there should be a dedicated person to take charge of the command. When loading and unloading sand molds (cores), the loading and unloading should be carried out evenly, and one-sided adjustment is not allowed to prevent the vehicle from overturning.

(2) When loading the furnace, it should be ensured that the loading is stable, and the sand boxes should be stacked in order of size from bottom to top. Use iron sheets to block the square in the middle of the upper, lower, left, and right sand boxes to avoid tilting and shaking.

(3) When lifting sand molds (cores), special attention should be paid to the net weight of the lifting, which should not exceed the driving load. Each time the sand mold is lifted, the same specifications, models, and sizes are specified, and mixed lifting of sizes is not allowed.

(4) It is strictly prohibited to pile up flammable materials around the fire gate.

(5) Obstacles are prohibited from being piled up around the furnace entrance and railway tracks to ensure smooth driving access.

(6) Wear a heat-insulating hood when adding coal or scraping slag to prevent flames and heat from burning the face.

4. Pouring and pouring

(1) Pouring workers should wear work clothes and safety goggles.

(2) Carefully inspect the pouring ladle, lifting ring, and load-bearing beam for cracks; Is the mechanical equipment rotation and precise positioning clamping equipment flexible, stable, and reliable; The lining is sturdy and moisture resistant; The bottom sealing rod control is flexible, and the plug head and sleeve are closely matched, without causing any leakage of molten steel.

(3) The pouring safety passage should be unobstructed, without pits, unevenness, or obstacles to prevent falls. The size of the handmade package lifting frame should be suitable, so that the center of gravity of the poured package is under the ring sleeve after it is filled with metal material liquid, to prevent the poured package from collapsing out of the lifting frame.

(4) Prepare in advance the location and ingot mold (sand bed or iron mold) for pouring excess metal material liquid.

(5) When lifting a ladle filled with iron (steel) water, special attention should be paid not to damage the iron (steel) groove or cause the iron (steel) water to spill and splash out randomly. The pouring of molten iron in the ladle should not exceed 90% of its capacity to prevent fatal spillage.

(6) The upper, lower, left, and right boxes of metal casting should be clamped tightly or any net weight pressure iron should be added to prevent lifting the boxes and "running fire" during pouring.

(7) During pouring, when the liquid metal material in the metal casting exceeds the required height to width ratio, it is necessary to immediately introduce gas (ignite) to discharge the flammable and non flammable gases in the metal casting.

(8) If there is a serious "fire" during pouring, the pouring should be stopped first to prevent the splashing of metal materials from causing burns to workers and fire accidents.

(9) When pouring metal molds that cause harmful substances (such as sodium silicate fluidized sand, dolomite sand, resin sand metal molds), attention should be paid to natural ventilation to avoid poisoning.

5. Sand falling and removal

(1) Sand removal workers must take personal protective measures and understand the operating procedures of various sand removal machines and equipment.

(2) When taking castings from a pile of castings, they should be taken from top to bottom to prevent the castings from collapsing and causing death. The rolling of heavy and extra large castings should be carried out using lifting equipment.