Material Type

Selecting the appropriate materials for application requiresRaleighWe have a good understanding of the common materials used in flat wire products. The correct material can prevent additional costs and malfunctions during operation. Carbon steel is a commonly used material. While stainless steel is more expensive than carbon steel, it offers better corrosion resistance and a wider range of working temperatures.

Carbon Spring Steel

65Mn

SWRH 72A/72B

SAE1070-1090

SAE1070-1090High-carbon tempered spring steel is the standard material for spiral retainers and wave springs. The martensitic structure produced by the oil tempering process significantly enhances the tensile and yield strength of the material.

SAE1060-107

SAE1060-1075High-carbon hard-drawn spring steel is the standard material for clip retaining rings. Hard-drawn carbon steel does not have a grade number, as its strength is determined by the drawing process.

These carbon steel materials produced by these tempering processes are suitable for environments with existing protective measures, as they can corrode without lubrication or sealing. Additional corrosion protection can be achieved through special surface treatments. The retaining rings and springs are typically supplied with oil immersion surface treatment for protection during transportation and storage on shelves.

•Carbon steel is highly magnetic and can present various colors, including blue, black, and gray.

Stainless Steel

302Stainless Steel

302Stainless steel is the standard grade used for spiral lock washers. This material is widely used due to its combination of corrosion resistance and excellent physical properties.302The elasticity of stainless steel stems from the cold working process. Although it is non-magnetic stainless steel, it becomes so after cold working.302It will have a slight magnetic property. It cannot be hardened by heat treatment.

•302Silver gray.

316Stainless Steel

316Stainless steel and302The physical properties and heat resistance of stainless steel are almost identical. Due to the presence of molybdenum, it boasts higher corrosion resistance, especially against pitting corrosion.316Stainless steel is commonly used in food, chemical, and seawater applications.

316Magnetic property of stainless steel is less than302Stainless steel. But unlike...302Stainless steel, like the same, its magnetism increases with the cold rolling of the wire.316Stainless steel cannot be hardened through heat treatment.

•316Silver gray.

17-7PHPrecipitation Hardening Stainless Steel

The corrosion resistance of this alloy is302Similar to stainless steel, but with higher tensile and yield strengths, making it suitable for special snap ring applications. Resists fatigue and high stress conditions.17-7Higher performance than high-performance carbon steel.

Its elasticity is achieved throughCCondition settled and hardened intoCH900Achieved through status. Therefore, the material can withstand.343℃Retains elasticity at high temperatures without loss.17-7PHSediment HardeningCH900The magnetic properties of the state stainless steel are similar to those of high-carbon steel.

•After precipitation hardening,17-7Due to the open-air heat treatment, the color appears blue, brown, or silver, whereas the controlled air heat treatment offers bright colors.

Super Alloy

InconelX-750

This nickel-chromium alloy is commonly used in high-temperature and corrosive environments. Two commonly used chromium-nickel iron alloys are described as follows. Generally speaking,InconelX-750Through precipitation hardening to achieve spring condition. The alloy treated in this manner can withstand high371˚CTemperature. Corrosion Engineers Association.(NACE)Permitted to be in compliance with specificationsMR-01-75（RC50Products processed by this hard tempering technique (high value) are used for spiral retaining rings and wave springs./Compressed Springs.1Hardening number requires a longer heat treatment period than spring hardening, with lower tensile strength, but offers high538˚CTemperature protection.

Spring tempering and1The tempering process can be conducted in either open-air or controlled atmosphere tempering furnaces. Open-air heat treatment may result in oxidation, often leading to slight black residues. The controlled atmosphere environment eliminates oxidation issues, resulting in no residues on the produced products.

•Retainers and springs made from this grade of chrome-nickel iron alloy are blue./Silver gray and non-magnetic.

Copper

25Beryllium copper alloy

Typically used in its hardened state, this alloy boasts excellent spring characteristics due to its combination of low modulus of elasticity and high ultimate tensile strength. Its physical properties are achieved through precipitation hardening. Compared to other copper alloys, beryllium copper exhibits high strength and its physical properties change minimally with increasing temperature.

•Beryllium copper alloys are non-magnetic. Their conductivity is approximately equal to that of phosphor bronze.2-4Multiple

AGrade Phosphor Bronze

Phosphor bronze offers excellent spring properties and conductivity, slightly inferior in performance to beryllium copper alloys. It is sold in spring temper to maximize spring characteristics.

•Phosphor bronze can only be hardened through cold working. This material also lacks magnetic properties.

Material Surface Treatment

Turn black

This surface treatment provides a matte black finish. Black oxide is more commonly used for aesthetic purposes rather than for enhancing corrosion resistance.

Galvanized

Galvanized zinc is applied to carbon steel to enhance the product's corrosion resistance. Compared to cadmium plating, zinc galvanizing is often used as a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative. Our standard galvanizing solution is:TypeVAndTypeVIAll comply withRoHSThe coating thickness is determined by the service condition number.SC(No.) decision, the customer may opt for this. Galvanizing does not necessarily cover the parts between each spring coil. This process can cause the retainer to undergo hydrogen embrittlement.RaleighOffer stainless steel as an alternative choice for cadmium and zinc plating.

Oiled

This isRaleighAll products produced with carbon steel feature standard surface treatment. Oil imparts corrosion resistance during transportation and daily storage. Oil immersion surface treatment should not be considered a permanent surface treatment.

Passivation

Passivation is an optional cleaning operation for stainless steel. It provides a bright surface and enhances corrosion resistance. Passivation can dissolve iron particles and other substances embedded in the surface of stainless steel during the production process. If these foreign particles are not dissolved, they can lead to rust, discoloration, and even electrochemical corrosion.

In theory, the corrosion resistance of stainless steel is provided by a thin, invisible oxide layer completely covering the retaining ring surface, which also prevents further oxidation. Removing contaminants can prevent damage to the oxide layer, thereby achieving good corrosion resistance.

Phosphatizing

The appearance is gray-black. Phosphate's corrosion resistance is better than black oxide, but not as good as cadmium-plated or stainless steel. Phosphate cannot be applied to stainless steel.

Steam Degreasing/Ultrasonic Cleaning

This is the standard cleaning and surface treatment for all stainless steel. The process employs chloride-based solvents to remove oil and other organic substances from the material's surface. This solvent effectively removes grease from the exposed surfaces of retainers or springs.

The solvent flows between each turn of the retainer ring through ultrasonic action.

Vibratory Deburring/Manual burr removal

AlthoughRaleighAll circumferential surfaces and edges of the retaining ring are smooth, but due to the shearing operation, sharp corners are always present at the gap end. To remove the sharp corners and achieve coordination/Smooth surface finish; suitable for vibratory or manual deburring of retainers to meet your specifications.