Qingdao's Traditional House Stone-Washed Wall Repair Technique; Turnkey Construction of Stone-Washed Stairs and Steps for Indoor and Outdoor

Washed stone boasts multiple features that make it highly favored in architectural and landscape design. Firstly, it possesses a natural, primitive appearance that blends seamlessly with the surrounding environment, creating a unique ambiance. Secondly, washed stone offers a variety of color and texture options to meet the needs and design styles of different projects. Additionally, its surface treatment provides excellent anti-slip properties, making it an ideal choice for pedestrian areas and vehicle pathways.

Main methods for water-washed stone paving:

1. Clean the Substrate: Thoroughly remove dust, grease, loose mortar, and debris from the surface. If there are uneven areas, level out the protrusions and fill in the depressions with 1:3 mortar. For oil stains, use a 10% lye solution to scrub clean, then rinse with water and dry.

2. Apply Base Mortar: First, apply a plain cement slurry (with 10% water of 107 adhesive) to the base layer. Then, apply the base mortar in layers. Use a straight edge to level the base mortar and a wooden brush to roughen it. After the mortar has set, water it for maintenance.

3. Aggregate Slurry Coating: Apply a coat of plain cement slurry, then apply the aggregate slurry in two layers from bottom to top. The coated surface should be 1mm higher than the completed ground on both sides. Flatten and compact the aggregate slurry layer.

4. Use a brush dipped in water to remove the surface cement paste, then recompact and smooth it. Repeat the brushing and pressing process 3 to 4 times. Once the surface begins to set, and the stone particles can no longer be brushed off with water, one person should brush the cement paste with a damp brush, while another uses a hose to spray water 20cm above the ground. Continue until the surface is clean and the stones are exposed. Then, rinse the surface with clean water and seal it, assigning a person to spray water for maintenance. If cement paste residue is found on the stone surface after maintenance, it can be cleaned with oxalic acid. Note that the residual oxalic acid solution must be diluted and drained into the storm drain; it should not flow into green spaces.