Zirconia (ZrO2) is a ceramic material with ionic conductivity. It exists as a monoclinic crystal at room temperature, transforming into a cubic crystal upon heating to a certain temperature, with approximately a 7% volume shrinkage. Upon cooling, it reverts to a monoclinic crystal. Repeated heating and cooling can cause ZrO2 to crack, so pure ZrO2 is not suitable for use as a measuring element.

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