By accurately measuring the zirconium tube temperature and the electromotive force value, the oxygen partial pressure of the measured environment can be calculated. During heat treatment, in conjunction with the furnace temperature and gas equilibrium model, the carbon potential can be further calculated; in continuous casting, it is used for rapid determination of the dissolved oxygen content in the steel melt. Accurate measurement of the probe temperature is crucial, as the oxygen probe measures the oxygen partial pressure, while the carbon potential is a value equivalent to the carbon penetration ability, calculated based on the measured oxygen partial pressure and known chemical reaction models (such as water vapor equilibrium, carbon dioxide equilibrium) at a specific operating condition temperature.

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