This structure ensures stable operation in harsh industrial environments. Typical lifespan is 1-3 years (depending on working conditions and maintenance), with the core failure points being electrode dusting, carbon accumulation, contamination failure, and reference gas port blockage, internal wire breakage (especially under thermal stress fatigue), or seal failure causing signal drift or short circuit. The original U.S.-made oxygen probe is a critical spare part in the heat treatment industry, mainly used for real-time monitoring and control of oxygen content in furnace atmosphere, ensuring the quality and consistency of heat treatment processes (such as carburizing, quenching, annealing, etc.).