The catalytic efficiency of the catalyst is closely related to its surface area, and increasing the surface area is one of the key ways to enhance reaction efficiency. An efficient "pore-forming" process can significantly increase the surface area within the micropores, thereby optimizing the catalyst's performance.

Long-term high-temperature operation can lead to a reduction in the specific surface area of porous Pt electrodes, thereby decreasing their catalytic activity. Additionally, changes in the number of electrode pores can significantly affect the reaction rate at the Pt-ZrO2-gas three-phase interface.