Signal Processing and CalculationThe signals from oxygen probes and other sensors are transmitted to the signal processing unit of the carbon controller. The carbon controller amplifies and filters these signals, eliminating interference, to enhance signal stability and accuracy. Then, based on its internal mathematical models and algorithms, the carbon controller converts the physical signals detected by the sensors (such as the voltage signal from the oxygen probe) into corresponding carbon potential values. These models are typically established based on the chemical equilibrium of the furnace atmosphere and related thermodynamic principles, taking into account the influence of factors like temperature and gas composition on carbon potential.