Sensor DetectionCarbon controllers are typically paired with oxygen probes (also known as zirconia probes) as the primary carbon potential detection sensors. The oxygen probe operates based on the principle of a concentration cell, generating an electromotive force when there is a difference in oxygen concentration on either side of the zirconia at high temperatures (carburizing and other heat treatment temperatures usually around 900°C). The carbon potential of the furnace atmosphere is correlated with the oxygen content; when the carbon potential in the furnace changes, the oxygen content also changes accordingly, allowing the oxygen probe to detect this change in oxygen content and output a voltage signal proportional to the oxygen content. In addition to the oxygen probe, there are also infrared gas analyzers that can be used to detect the composition of the furnace gas, such as the content of carbon dioxide and other gases. Changes in these components are also related to the carbon potential, providing more information for the control of carbon potential.