Disadvantages of electrochemical oxygen analyzers:

　　· Short sensor lifespan (chemical principle has consumable nature)

　　· Sensors are susceptible to interference from other gases (such as corrosive gases).

Zirconia (ZrO2) is a ceramic material with ionic conductivity properties. It exists as a monoclinic crystal at room temperature. Upon heating to a certain temperature, its crystal structure transforms into a cubic form, accompanied by approximately a 7% volume contraction. When cooled, it reverts back to a monoclinic crystal. Repeated heating and cooling can cause ZrO2 to crack.