Crossflow closed cooling tower

I. Overview of Cross Flow

Crossflow closed circuit cooling towers, named for the spray water flowing across the direction of the hot air. The spray water flows from top to bottom, while the air enters horizontally from the side, passing over the heat exchanger coils in the middle, cross-exchanging with the falling spray water to lower its temperature.

Mainly composed of heat exchanger coils, spray water system, exhaust system, and framework housing.

II. Process Workflow

The spray pump draws water from the sump, pumps it to the upper part of the heat exchange coil, and sprays it in an umbrella shape through nozzles, covering the outer surface of the pipe material continuously and evenly, forming a thin water film. Part of the water absorbs the heat energy of the high-temperature refrigerant inside the pipe, converting it into latent heat of vaporization, evaporating into a gas state. The refrigerant inside the pipe is cooled and condensed or cooled down, while the water that does not evaporate falls back into the spray water sump.

Fan system, the top tower fan is an intake type, drawing air from inside the tower and exhausting it outward. Cold, dry air from outside the tower enters the heat exchanger coils from the side, carrying away the evaporated water vapor, increasing the humidity and temperature of the air, which is then extracted out of the tower by a fan located between the two heat exchanger coils.

In the spray trough, a float valve is installed. When the water level is low, it automatically replenishes the supply to maintain a consistent water level in the trough.

III. Operating Principle

Closed-loop water system: The cooled recycled water from the coil flows out of the tower and is pumped by the system's circulating pump to the heat source (the cooled equipment), where it is heated by heat exchange and then returns to the coil for cooling.

External recirculating water system: After the external spray water achieves the purpose of cooling the circulating water inside the coils by contacting with the coils and packing, it falls into the lower water trough and is then pumped by the spray water pump to the spray water trough for recirculation.

The internal circulation is cooled through heat exchange with the external spray water and air via a coil, thus preventing direct contact between the cooled water and air, which could lead to water quality contamination. The heat exchange effect is more pronounced since the spray water has been pre-cooled with PVC packing.

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