Thermal oil, compared to molten salt, another type of high-temperature heat transfer medium, has a cost and lifespan advantage in heat transfer medium pricing and service life at operating temperatures above 400℃. However, it is significantly inferior in other aspects, particularly in the ease of system operation. It also has a more stable chemical nature and is less prone to ignition and combustion than light oil.

Paraffin and diphenyl ether low melting point mixture thermal oil This type of thermal oil is composed of a mixture of 26.5% biphenyl and 73.5% diphenyl ether. The melting point is 12°C. Dowtherm, the earliest used synthetic aromatic thermal oil in the world, is characterized by good thermal stability and high operating temperatures (up to 400°C). This product has excellent heat resistance in organic heat carriers due to the absence of alkyl side chains connected to the benzene ring. This low melting mixture with a freezing point of 12.3°C is cost-effective for use in a boiling temperature range of 256~258°C at room temperature. This is because both substances have high melting points (biphenyl <71°C, diphenyl ether <28°C). During the evaporation process of this low melting mixture, there is no enrichment of any component, and the liquid properties remain unchanged. However, due to the combined ether substance in diphenyl ether, prolonged use at high temperatures (up to 350°C) can produce phenolic substances, which have low corrosiveness and can cause corrosion to carbon steel and other materials when in contact with water.

Alkylbenzene (benzene ring) thermal oil is a compound with benzene rings attached to alkyl side chains, specifically short-chain alkyl (including methyl, ethyl, isopropyl) groups bonded to the benzene ring. It has a boiling point of 170~180°C and a freezing point below -80°C, making it suitable for use as an antifreeze. The characteristic of this product is that it is less prone to precipitation within its operating range, with isopropyl side-chain compounds being particularly excellent.

Alkyl biphenyl thermal oils are a type of thermal oil where alkyl side chains are attached to the biphenyl ring. It is composed of short-chain alkyls (ethyl, isopropyl) bonded to the biphenyl ring, with the type and quantity of alkyls determining its properties. The more alkyl groups, the poorer the thermal stability. Among these products, thermal oils synthesized from isopropyl para- and meta- isomers (isomers) with biphenyl have a boiling point >330°C and good thermal stability, making them an ideal product for use in the range of 300~340°C.

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