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Flanges, also known as raised face plates or flanged disks, are components used for connecting shafts to shafts, typically for joining pipe ends; they are also used at equipment inlets and outlets, such as reducer flanges. A flange connection or flange joint refers to a removable connection formed by the combination of a flange, gasket, and bolts for a sealed assembly. Pipe flanges are the flanges used in piping installations, while equipment flanges refer to the inlets and outlets of equipment. Flanges have holes, and bolts secure them tightly. They are sealed with a gasket. Flanges come in threaded (screwed) connections,焊接 (welded) flanges, and clamp flanges. Flanges are always used in pairs; low-pressure pipelines can use threaded flanges, while those above 4 kg of pressure use焊接 flanges. Two flange disks are joined with a sealing pad and then bolted together. Flanges of different pressures have different thicknesses and require different bolts. Pumps and valves, when connected to pipes, have corresponding flange shapes for these equipment components, also known as flange connections. Any connection piece that uses bolts to connect two flat surfaces and seal them is generally called a "flange," such as the connection of ventilation pipes. Such components can be referred to as "flange-type parts." However, this type of connection is only a part of a device, like the connection between a flange and a pump, so it's not appropriate to call the pump a "flange-type part." Smaller components like valves can be called "flange-type parts."

WCB (carbon steel), LCB (low-temperature carbon steel), LC3 (3.5% nickel steel), WC5 (1.25% chromium, 0.5% molybdenum steel), WC9 (2.25% chromium), C5 (5% chromium, 0.5% molybdenum), C12 (9% chromium, 1% molybdenum), CA6NM (4% (12% chromium steel)), CA15 (4%) (12% chromium), CF8M (316 stainless steel), CF8C (347 stainless steel), CF8 (304 stainless steel), CF3 (304L stainless steel), CF3M (316L stainless steel), CN7M (alloy steel), M35-1 (Monel), N7M (Hastelloy B), CW6M (Hastelloy C), CY40 (Inconel).

Flange connections involve securing two pipes, fittings, or equipment to separate flange discs first, then inserting a flange gasket between the two discs and fastening them together with bolts to complete the connection. Some fittings and equipment come with a built-in flange disc, which also falls under flange connections. Flange connections are a crucial method in pipeline construction. They are convenient to use and can withstand high pressure. In industrial pipelines and residential settings, where pipe diameters are small and the pressure is low, flange connections are not visible. However, in boiler rooms or production sites, you'll find flange connections on pipes and equipment everywhere.