Concrete surface repair is a complex process involving multiple steps, primarily including the following:

Prepare Substrate: This is a step in the repair process where loose concrete, dust, and other debris on the concrete surface must be thoroughly cleaned, and concrete cracks must be repaired to ensure the bonding of the repair material with the original concrete.

Select repair materials: To ensure the repaired area matches the original concrete appearance, select repair materials of the same type as the original concrete, such as high-grade mortar or grout materials.

Color Matching: If the color of the patching material differs from the original concrete, color matching is required to ensure the patched area's color is consistent or similar to the original concrete. For color matching, it is recommended to first conduct a test patch with a small amount of patching material to achieve satisfactory results before proceeding with a large-scale repair.

Hollow anti-erosion measures

(1) The concrete mix ratio should be accurate, with strict control over the water-cement ratio. The materials must be measured precisely, mixed evenly, and have good workability. After pouring, the concrete should be compacted densely.

(2) The template surface should be flat, smooth, and clean; no dry, hard stone or other debris is allowed on the bed frame. The joints of the template should be tight, and the wooden template must be fully dried before the concrete is poured. Steel templates should use water-based feedstock agents and be brushed smoothly.

(3) Dense concrete areas should be constructed in layers using fine aggregate concrete of the same strength grade, with careful handling and thorough vibration to ensure a smooth and dense surface after curing.

(4) The removal of molds must strictly control the concrete strength and is strictly prohibited to remove molds prematurely. The side molds can only be removed when the concrete strength ensures that the surface and wedge-shaped parts will not be damaged upon mold destruction; whereas the bottom molds should only be removed after the concrete strength meets the design or specification requirements.

Load and vibration are also significant causes of concrete damage. Long-term loads can lead to deformation and cracking in concrete; while frequent vibrations can cause the particles within the concrete to become loose and the structure to be damaged.

Method of Handling:

For damage caused by load action, the design and construction of the building must reasonably consider and control the size and distribution of the load. For damage caused by frequent vibration, measures can be taken to enhance the seismic and anti-vibration properties of the concrete, such as increasing the reinforcement configuration and using seismic supports.

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