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Penetrant testing includes fluorescent and dye methods. The fluorescent method involves applying a penetrant solution containing fluorescent substances to the surface of the item being inspected, allowing it to seep into surface defects through capillary action. Afterward, the surface penetrant is cleaned off, leaving the penetrant in the defects.

Perform the inspection. A typical inspection method involves sprinkling a uniform white powder over the surface of the item to be inspected, then drawing the penetrant out from the defects and spreading it to the surface. At this point, the surface is illuminated with an ultraviolet light in the dark, where the defects emit a bright fluorescence. The dyeing method is similar to the fluorescence method, but the penetrant does not contain fluorescent substances; instead, it contains dyeing pigments, making the penetrant clearly visible for inspection under white light or daylight. Generally, the sensitivity of the fluorescence method is higher than that of the dyeing method. Both methods include four basic steps: penetration, cleaning, inspection, and visualization.

Based on the method of cleaning the penetrant from the inspected parts, the fluorescent and dye penetrant testing methods can be further divided into three types: water-washable, post-emulsifiable, and solvent removable.

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