With the development of science and technology and industry, higher requirements have been put forward for materials, such as higher strength, resistance to high temperature, high pressure, low temperature, corrosion resistance, wear and other special physical and chemical properties. Carbon steel can no longer fully meet the requirements.

Shortcomings of carbon steel:

(1) Low hardenability. In general, the quenching diameter of carbon steel water quenched is only 10mm-20mm.

(2) The strength and flexural strength are relatively low. The σ s of ordinary carbon steel Q235 steel is 235 MPa, while the σ s of low-alloy structural steel 16Mn is above 360 MPa. The σ s/σ b of 40 steel is only 0.43, much lower than that of alloy steel.

(3) Poor tempering stability. Due to poor tempering stability, carbon steel requires a lower tempering temperature to ensure higher strength during quenching and tempering treatment, resulting in lower toughness of the steel; In order to ensure good toughness, the strength is low when high tempering temperature is used, so the comprehensive mechanical performance level of carbon steel is not high.

(4) Cannot meet the requirements of special performance. Carbon steel often has poor oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, low temperature resistance, wear resistance, and special electromagnetic properties, which cannot meet the requirements of special performance.

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