Roots grow in the mud, with the entire plant submerged in water, featuring well-developed aerenchyma for gas exchange. Leaves are typically narrow and elongated or filamentous, capable of absorbing nutrients from the water and continuing normal growth and development under weak underwater light conditions. They have specific water quality requirements, as turbid water can hinder photosynthesis. Flowers are small with a short blooming period, primarily valued for their foliage. Submerged plants absorb nutrients from the water, including nitrogen and phosphorus, during growth. For eutrophic lakes and wetlands, planned annual harvesting of submerged plants can effectively transfer excessive nutrients from the water, positively contributing to the alleviation of eutrophication. Submerged plants play a crucial role in maintaining the clear water stability of lakes. With the disappearance of submerged plants, lakes can transition from clear water to turbid water states, known as steady-state transformation. A key task in lake ecological restoration is to transform lakes from turbid water states back to clear water states through the recovery of submerged plants. Generally, submerged plants with low intrinsic stability can serve as pioneer species for water ecological restoration.