Roots grow in the mud, with the entire plant submerged in water, equipped with well-developed aerenchyma for gas exchange. Leaves are typically narrow and elongated or filamentous, capable of absorbing some nutrients from the water and growing normally even under weak underwater light conditions. They have specific water quality requirements, as turbid water can hinder photosynthesis. Flowers are small with a short blooming period, primarily valued for their foliage. Submerged plants absorb nutrients from the water, including nitrogen and phosphorus, during growth. For eutrophic lakes and wetlands, planned harvesting of submerged plants annually can effectively transfer excessive nutrients, playing a positive role in alleviating eutrophication. Submerged plants play a crucial role in maintaining the clear water stability of lakes. With the disappearance of submerged plants, lakes can transition from clear to turbid water, a process known as steady-state transformation. A key task in lake ecological restoration is to transform lakes from turbid to clear water states through the recovery of submerged plants. Generally, submerged plants with low intrinsic stability can serve as pioneer species in water ecological restoration.