Glass greenhouses refer to structures with hot-dipped galvanized steel frames and glass as the lighting material. These greenhouses are equipped with aluminum profiles for the roof and sides. As a long-lasting form of cultivation facility, glass greenhouses are suitable for use in various regions and under different climatic conditions. They can be fully automated and come with optional配套设施, including external shading systems, internal shading systems, fan-water curtain cooling systems, roof-opening ventilation systems, lighting systems, seedling bed seedling systems, sprinkler systems, and computer control systems.

What is the atmospheric insulation effect? The Earth's atmosphere is nearly transparent to solar shortwave radiation, allowing most solar radiation to pass through and warm the ground. However, the atmosphere acts as an insulator for the ground's longwave radiation, trapping most of the heat emitted by the ground within the atmosphere. This heat is then returned to the ground through atmospheric inverse radiation. This process is referred to as the atmospheric insulation effect. Therefore, an increase in carbon dioxide strengthens the atmospheric "greenhouse effect." (An increase in carbon dioxide enhances the atmosphere's ability to absorb the ground's longwave radiation, raising atmospheric temperatures; it also strengthens the atmosphere's inverse radiation, compensating for more heat lost by the ground.)

How do we understand the greenhouse effect in glass greenhouses? The glass acts similarly to the insulating effect of carbon dioxide. Shortwave solar radiation can pass through the glass and plastic covers to warm the interior. After the ground inside warms up, the emitted ground radiation is blocked by the glass or plastic covers, reducing heat loss. Additionally, glass prevents the exchange of heat between indoor (warm) and outdoor (cold) air through convection or turbulence, resulting in higher temperatures inside the greenhouse compared to outside.

3. How does the northern greenhouse technology positively impact agricultural production in terms of light, heat, and water conditions? (①Maximizing the utilization of sunlight during winter; ②Increasing the temperature inside the greenhouse, mitigating the impact of winter cold damage on agriculture, allowing crops to be grown during winter; ③Benefiting the maintenance and regulation of air and soil moisture inside the greenhouse.)

Before the early 20th century, people mistakenly believed that the heat retention mechanism of glass greenhouses (heated without artificial means) was similar to that of the atmosphere, hence naming it the "greenhouse effect." In 1909, American physicist Wood conducted experiments with greenhouses (greenhouses) using rock salt (transparent to both short and long wave radiation, which does not retain long wave radiation) and glass (capable of transmitting short wave radiation while retaining long wave radiation). The results showed that the temperatures inside both greenhouses were the same. This indicated that the heat retention of greenhouses primarily depends not on whether it blocks or absorbs long wave radiation, but on the ability of the glass or rock salt walls to prevent heat exchange between the warm air inside and the cold air outside through convection or turbulent flow. Studies have shown that this prevention of heat exchange between the inside and outside air is 3-4 times greater than the warming effect of atmospheric greenhouse gases absorbing long wave radiation.