Glass is an amorphous inorganic non-metallic material, typically made from a variety of inorganic minerals (such as quartz sand, borax, boric acid, barite, barium carbonate, limestone, feldspar, and soda ash, etc.) as the main raw materials, with a small amount of auxiliary materials added.

The primary raw materials for glass production include glass formers, glass modifiers, and glass intermediates, with the remainder being auxiliary materials. The main raw materials refer to oxides that introduce the glass-forming network, intermediate oxide, and network-external oxide; auxiliary materials include clarifiers, fluxes, opacifiers, colorants, decolorizers, oxidizers, and reducers, etc.

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Its primary components include silicon dioxide and other oxides. The chemical composition of common glass is typically Na2SiO3, CaSiO3, SiO2, or Na2O·CaO·6SiO2, mainly consisting of silicate double salts, which are amorphous solids with an irregular structure.

Widely used in buildings for windbreak and light transmission, these are mixtures. Colorful glass, which is infused with certain metal oxides or salts to exhibit color, and tempered glass produced by physical or chemical methods are also common. Transparent plastics, such as polymethyl methacrylate, are sometimes referred to as acrylic glass.