1. The Role of Raw Material Storage: 1. Maintaining Normal Continuous Production at the Factory 2. Improving Raw Material Quality

2. Raw Material Storage Methods: Aquatic Storage; Terrestrial Storage

3. Splitting and tearing: The raw material is split and torn or cut to a certain length to meet the requirements of subsequent processes. The forage cutter requires raw material length of 2-2.5m, while the splitting and tearing machine processes material with a length of 0.6-1.2m.

4. De-leafing: Due to the low fiber content and high impurity levels in grasses, it can reduce cooking efficiency, increase the consumption of cooking chemicals, and lead to an increase in dust in the pulp, as well as a decrease in strength. Therefore, when producing high-quality pulp with stringent production quality requirements, it is generally necessary to remove the outer leaves.

5. Sand and Dust Removal: To prevent the impact on the quality of the pulp from grass, the forage must be de-sanded and dusted.

6. Steam-cooking, soaking, fermentation, etc.: Herbal raw materials should be steamed, can be soaked in cold water, and can be fermented to remove lignin, sugars, and silicon-based non-herbal fibers from the herbal pulp; this does not apply to pure mechanical pulp.

7. Pulp Making: This refers to the production process that involves chemically or mechanically, or a combination of both, degrading plant fiber raw materials to produce unbleached pulp (also known as本色 paper pulp) or further bleaching it to create bleached pulp.

7-1. Chemical Pulp Production: This involves using chemicals to dissolve most of the lignin from the plant fiber raw material under specific conditions, thereby dispersing the fibers into pulp. The cooking process is primarily a lignin removal process. However, it inevitably leads to some degree of degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose. As a result, the yield of chemical pulp is generally low, around 50%.

7-2. Pulping: The process of grinding fiber raw materials into pulp using mechanical methods.

Primarily divided into two categories;

A high concentration, medium concentration, and low concentration disc grinding process for wood chips and forage: Wood chips and forage enter the disc mill between the grinding discs, first being broken down into match-like and fibrous shapes. These match-like wood strips are then separated through friction, yielding individual fibers or fiber bundles.

Wood and forage grinding and splitting: After steaming and soaking, logs of a certain length are fed into the grinding and splitting machine, where they undergo compression and shearing by the roller blades under specific pressure and temperature. This process results in fragmentation, friction, and splitting, decomposing the wood, grass, and bamboo into individual fibers or fiber bundles.

7-3. Chemical Pretreatment (Dipping): The primary task of chemical pretreatment is to soften the fibers, relax the fiber structure, and make them more suitable for pulping.

8. Washing: After the fiber raw material is cooked, nearly 15-50% of the material dissolves in the cooking liquid. The cooking liquid discharged at the end of cooking is collectively referred to as waste liquid. The purpose of washing is to thoroughly clean the pulp while extracting the cooking liquid with high concentration and temperature for the recovery process in the alkali recovery stage. Chemical pulp still contains uncooked components after washing, including coarse fiber bundles, wood chips, and coarse fiber bundles in groundwood pulp. Additionally, during the collection, transportation, storage, and production processes, impurities such as mud, fly ash, wire, and plastic may enter. These substances not only affect the quality of the paper but also damage machinery and equipment, hindering the smooth production process. Therefore, screening and purification are used to remove the aforementioned impurities.

9. Bleaching: The primary purpose of the bleaching process is to remove colored substances within the fibers, resulting in pulp with a certain degree of brightness and appropriate physical and chemical properties.

The color of pulp primarily originates from lignin and extractives. There are two main methods of bleaching:

'Extraction Lignin Bleaching' involves using appropriate bleaching agents to oxidize lignin and dissolve it for bleaching purposes, such as chlorine bleaching, hypochlorous bleaching, chlor dioxide bleaching, and hypochlorite bleaching. This method is often used when high pulp brightness is required, and is commonly employed for chemical pulp bleaching.

9-2. 'Lignin Retention Bleaching' involves preserving the lignin while only de-colorizing the chromophore groups. This method results in minimal loss and retains the pulp's characteristics. Examples include bisulfite bleaching and sodium borohydride bleaching. These methods are commonly used for bleaching high-yield pulp.

Elemental Chlorine-Free (ECF): Refers to bleaching processes that do not contain free elemental chlorine, such as hypochlorite bleaching and chlorine dioxide bleaching.

Total Chlorine-Free (TCF): The process of bleaching without using chlorine-containing bleaching agents, such as hypochlorite bleaching and ozone bleaching.

10. Screening: Primarily, the pressure screen is used to refine the pulp quality and technical specifications to meet the varying requirements of different papers for pulp叩解度.

11. Dehydration and Concentration Press Filtration: To reduce transportation costs, it is necessary to dehydrate and concentrate the slurry containing a high moisture content into high-concentration slurry cakes or slurry boards for easy storage and long-distance transport. If direct papermaking is employed, dehydration and concentration press filtration may not be required; instead, the slurry can be directly fed into the pulp blending pond after screening.