What are the principles behind UV sterilizers?
Ultraviolet (UV) light is a type of invisible light wave that exists beyond the violet end of the spectrum, hence the name "ultraviolet." It is one of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the sun and is typically divided into four categories based on wavelength.

A unique form of matter, it is a stream of unconnected particles. Each ultraviolet photon with a wavelength of 253.7nm carries an energy of 4.9eV. When exposed to microorganisms, this ultraviolet light triggers energy transfer and accumulation, leading to inactivation of the microorganisms, thereby achieving sterilization. When bacteria and viruses absorb a dosage exceeding 3600 to 65,000 uW/cm², they exhibit powerful destructive force against their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), rendering them unable to survive or reproduce, ultimately eliminating them. This process also achieves sterilization. Ultraviolet light can cause mutations in nucleic acids, hinder their replication, transcription, and protein synthesis. Additionally, it generates free radicals that can initiate photoionization, leading to cell death.

The sterilization principle of an ultraviolet sterilizer utilizes the intensity of the ultraviolet lamp tube's radiation, which is the radiation intensity emitted by the UV sterilization lamp, and it is inversely proportional to the distance from the object being sterilized. When the radiation intensity is constant, the longer the object being sterilized remains in the beam and the closer it is to the lamp tube, the better the sterilization effect; conversely, the worse the effect.