Common inhibitors include: sodium sulfide, zinc sulfate, sodium cyanide.Potassium dichromateSilica gel, lime, ferric sulfate, tannin, starch (dextrin)Carboxymethyl celluloseWait.

Sodium sulfide serves as an activator for non-ferrous metal oxide ores and also acts as an inhibitor for sulfide minerals when added in sufficient quantities. The production of sodium sulfide involves the reduction of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) using coal, charcoal, and other combustible materials as reducing gases. The chemical reaction is as follows: Na2SO4 + 2C = Na2S + 2CO2↑

Sodium sulfide is used as an inhibitor for sulfide minerals in flotation operations. In the production process of molybdenum separation, sodium sulfide is employed to inhibit pyrite, while kerosene acts as the collector for floating molybdenite. Due to the natural good floatability of molybdenite, it is not inhibited by sodium sulfide. This allows pyrite to be suppressed, resulting in the production of qualified molybdenum concentrate after several purification steps.

When sodium sulfide is added to the pulp, the pulp becomes alkaline, causing a hydrophilic layer to form on the surface of the sulfide minerals.Hydroxide compoundThe film's hydrophilic nature inhibits the sulfidation of minerals.

Zinc sulfate is produced by the reaction of zinc shavings from metal processing plants with dilute sulfuric acid. Zinc sulfate is an inhibitor for sphalerite, and its effect is not very pronounced when used alone. However, when used in conjunction with alkalis, sodium cyanide, sodium sulfite, etc., its inhibitory effect is strong, and the higher the pH value of the pulp, the better the inhibitory effect.

Zinc sulfate heptahydrate does not turn yellow when stored for a long time in air; it loses water and becomes a white powder when placed in a dry atmosphere.There are various hydrates: stable hydrates in equilibrium with water within the range of 0-39°C.Zinc Sulfate HeptahydrateZinc sulfate heptahydrate within the range of 39-60°C, while zinc sulfate monohydrate within the range of 60-100°C.Monohydrate zinc sulfateAt 280°C, all hydrates lose their crystalline water completely, decompose into zinc sulfate at 680°C, further decompose above 750°C, and finally decompose into zinc oxide around 930°C.Sulfur TrioxideZnSO4·7H2O and MSO4·7H2O (M = Mg, Fe, Mn, Co, Ni) form mixed crystals within a certain range. React with alkalis to produce...Zinc HydroxideDeposition, forming barium sulfate precipitate through reaction with barium salts.

Zinc sulfate is a key raw material used in the production of zinc white and zinc salts. It also serves as a mordant in dyeing, a preservative for wood and leather, and is utilized in the production of...Viscose FiberVinyl acetate is an important auxiliary material for vinylon fiber. Additionally, it is used in electroplating and electrolytic industries and can also be employed in the manufacturing of cables. Zinc sulfate inhibits sphalerite.

Cooling water usage is the largest in the industrial sector. In closed-loop cooling systems, the cooling water must not corrode or scale the metal, so it must be treated. This process is known as water quality stabilization, with zinc sulfate used as the treatment agent.Water Quality Stabilizer。

When polymetallic ore deposits are employed with priorityFlotation Process FlowAt times, sodium cyanide is used to inhibit pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and other sulfide minerals. The combination of sodium cyanide with zinc sulfate exhibits excellent inhibition of sphalerite. When sodium cyanide is used in smaller quantities, it can inhibit pyrite; in slightly larger quantities, it can inhibit sphalerite; and with increased amounts, it can inhibit various copper sulfide minerals.

In production practice, due to the toxicity of sodium cyanide, it is often replaced by sulfur dioxide or sodium metabisulfite. While sulfur dioxide and sodium metabisulfite have a weaker inhibitory effect compared to sodium cyanide, their smaller toxicity and ease of oxidation in the air make wastewater treatment easier, leading to their frequent use. Additionally, the benefits of sulfur dioxide and sodium metabisulfite are...Sodium sulfiteMinerals treated with inhibitors are more easily activated with copper sulfate, while those treated with sodium cyanide are more difficult to activate.

Lime's Inhibition of Pyrite: Lime inhibits pyrite due to the formation of hydrated films of calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, and calcium oxide on its surface.

To activate pyrite suppressed by lime, sodium carbonate and copper sulfate can be used, or sulfuric acid can be added to reduce the pH value of the ore slurry to 6-7, followed by flotation with butyl xanthate.

Quicklime is obtained by calcining natural rocks, primarily composed of calcium carbonate, at high temperatures, with its main component being calcium oxide (CaO). During the calcining process, due to uneven control of the firing or temperature, it often contains underfired or overfired lime. Underfired lime has a low slurry yield, poor quality, and reduced utilization, but does not cause harm. Overfired lime hydrates at a much slower rate, only reacting with water after hardening, resulting in significant volume expansion, causing bulging and cracking on the surface of the hardened lime, a phenomenon referred to in engineering as "explosive lime." "Explosive lime" is one of the common quality issues in construction projects.

The process of calcium oxide reacting with water to form hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) is called hydration. In engineering, calcium oxide is hydrated with a large amount of water (2 to 3 times the weight of the calcium oxide) to produce lime milk, which is then screened and flowed into a storage tank for at least two weeks to eliminate the hazards of overburnt lime. The paste-like substance obtained after sedimentation to remove excess water is called lime putty. Alternatively, calcium oxide blocks, each half a meter tall, can be soaked with an appropriate amount of water (60% to 80% of the calcium oxide amount) and, after hydration, the powdered substance is known as quicklime powder. The water should be added to the quicklime powder until it is slightly moist but not clumpy.

The role of lime: Lime has good water retention and plasticity properties, and is commonly used in engineering to improve the water retention of mortar to overcomeCement mortarThe缺点 of poor water retention. Lime has an inhibitory effect on pyrite. Lime sets and hardens slowly, has low strength, and poor water resistance. Lime experiences significant shrinkage during drying, thus it is not suitable for use alone, except for plastering.

Phosphorus Knox is a...Diphosphorus pentasulfideNo Chinese content provided.Sodium HydroxideMade from raw materials. Sodium hydroxide is prepared as a 10% water solution and then mixed with disulfur dichloride. After stirring for 20 minutes, the prepared solution is diluted to 0.5% to 1% and is ready for use. The ratio of sodium hydroxide to disulfur dichloride is 1:1.

Water glass is an inorganic colloid, the most commonly used inhibitor in froth flotation operations. Water glass is effective for quartz,Silicate mineralsAndAluminosilicate mineral(Minerals such as mica, feldspar, and garnet, etc., exhibit excellent inhibitory properties and are widely used as inhibitors in gangue.)

Water glass is a sintered block formed by the melting of quartz sand and sodium carbonate. When this block dissolves in water, it forms a colloidal paste. Its composition is complex, including sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3), sodium orthosilicate (Na2SiO4), disodium metasilicate (Na2SiO5), and colloidal silica particles. It is commonly represented as Na2SiO3.

Quartz and soda ash are used to produce water glass, and the properties of the glass can vary depending on the proportion of the materials used. The composition of water glass is generally expressed by the ratio of Na2O to SiO2, with the molar ratio n/m referred to as the modulus of the glass. For flotation purposes, the modulus ranges from 2.0 to 3.0, with a standard modulus of 2.2 commonly used for water glass. Glasses with a lower modulus have stronger alkalinity, while those with a higher modulus are more difficult to dissolve and exhibit stronger inhibitory effects.

The inhibitory action of water glass is primarily due to HSiO3- and H2SiO3. The silicate molecules H2SiO3 and HSiO3- possess strong hydrating properties, making them highly hydrophilic colloids and ions. HSiO3- and H2SiO3 share the same acid radical as silicate minerals, allowing them to easily adsorb onto the surfaces of quartz and silicate minerals, forming a hydrophilic film. This increases the hydrophilicity of the mineral surface, thereby inhibiting it.

Sodium mercaptobenzoateTo inhibit copper during molybdenum concentrate selection operations, sodium ethyl mercaptide is added when the copper content of the molybdenum concentrate is relatively high. This can reduce the copper content in the molybdenum concentrate from 0.5% to below 0.17%.。

Oxalic acid, also known as ethanedioic acid, is a saturated dicarboxylic acid and an organic inhibitor.Oxalic acid is an effective inhibitor for barite and garnet. It is commonly used in fluorite flotation to inhibit...Pebble mineralTo ensure the grade of the fluorite concentrate containing CaF2 is maintained at 95%.

Carboxymethyl cellulose, an industrial product, is a pale yellow fibrous substance with relatively stable chemical properties and is soluble in water.。

Carboxymethyl cellulose is an effective inhibitor for magnesium silicate minerals such as pyroxene, serpentine, amphibole, high岭土, and chlorite. It also exhibits inhibitory effects on quartz, carbonaceous gangue, and argillaceous gangue (weathering products of silicate minerals). In nickel ore flotation, using carboxymethyl cellulose to inhibit pyroxene and amphibole is more effective than using water glass.