Vanadium is a metallic element with the symbol V, a silvery-gray metal, classified in the VB group of the periodic table. It has an atomic number of 23 and an atomic weight of 50.9414. It forms a body-centered cubic crystal structure and commonly exhibits oxidation states of +5, +4, +3, and +2. Vanadium has a high melting point, is refractory, malleable, hard, and non-magnetic. It possesses excellent resistance to salt and acid, and its performance in terms of resistance to gas, salt, and water corrosion is superior to that of most stainless steels.