The task of wastewater treatment is to remove or recover pollutants through necessary treatment methods and combinations, resulting in the purification of wastewater. There are various wastewater treatment methods, which can be categorized into physical, chemical, special chemical, and biological methods based on their mechanisms of action. Physical methods utilize physical actions to separate the main suspended pollutants in wastewater without altering their chemical properties, such as sedimentation, screening, oil separators, centrifugal separation, and reverse osmosis. Chemical methods employ chemical reactions to separate or recover pollutants in wastewater or convert them into harmless substances, including coagulation, neutralization, and oxidation-reduction methods. Special chemical methods combine physical and chemical actions to purify wastewater, involving techniques like adsorption, extraction, ion exchange, membrane separation, and microwave methods. Biological methods use the action of microorganisms to remove organic matter in wastewater that is degradable and colloidal, divided into aerobic and anaerobic treatments, including activated sludge process, biofilm process, anaerobic digestion tanks, UASB, and others.
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