The function of a sound barrier is to block the direct transmission of sound, isolate transmitted sound, and ensure sufficient attenuation of reflected sound. Therefore, the sound insulation attenuation of a sound barrier is designed using the principle of sound wave reflection. During the propagation of sound waves, upon encountering an obstacle (a sound barrier), they reflect, forming a "sound shadow zone" behind the obstacle over a certain distance. The size of this zone depends on the intensity of the sound (i.e., the frequency), indicating that the sound insulation attenuation of the sound barrier is closely related to the central frequency values. Doubling the frequency of the sound increases the noise reduction by 3 decibels. Doubling the height of the barrier increases the noise reduction by 6 decibels. If the receiving point is moved closer to the sound source, equidistant to the barrier, the noise reduction for all frequencies increases by 3 decibels. If the distance between the sound source and the receiving point, as well as the height of the barrier, are fixed, and the barrier is positioned between the sound source and the receiving point, its noise reduction is minimal. Therefore, the optimal placement for the barrier is closer to the sound source or closer to the receiving point. Highway bridge sound barriers are composed of steel columns and sound-insulating screens. The steel columns are the primary load-bearing structure of the highway bridge sound barrier, typically bolted or fixed to the road's barrier wall or rail side plates; the sound-insulating screens are the main absorbent components of the high-speed bridge sound barrier, fixed in H-shaped steel columns with high-strength spring clips, forming the sound barrier.