Polyethylene oxide (PEO) is a high molecular weight homopolymer formed by the ring-opening polymerization of ethylene oxide through a heterogeneous catalytic process. It is a crystalline, thermoplastic, water-soluble polymer, commonly known as PEO. Due to varying degrees of polymerization, its molecular weight can range widely from 20,000 to 9 million. It is extensively used in industries such as construction materials, papermaking, daily chemicals, ceramics, textiles, and oil extraction.As early as 1933, Staudinger and Lohmann from the University of Freiburg in Germany used oxides of calcium, strontium, and zinc as catalysts to develop polyethylene oxide with varying molecular weights by controlling the polymerization time. However, until 1950, the products obtained were still laboratory samples with low yields, long polymerization times, low activity of the polymerization catalysts, and were difficult to industrialize. In the 1950s, the American Cyanamid Company (now a fully-owned...