In piping systems, elbows are pipe fittings used to change the direction of the pipeline. They come in three common angles: 45°, 90°, and 180°, with additional non-standard angles like 60° available as per engineering requirements. Elbow materials include cast iron, stainless steel, alloy steel, malleable cast iron, carbon steel, non-ferrous metals, and plastics.
Ways to connect pipes include direct welding (the most common method), flange connection, hot melt connection, electric melt connection, threaded connection, and socket weld connection, etc. They can be categorized according to production processes as: welded elbows, stamped elbows, mandrel-formed elbows, cast elbows, and double-welded elbows, etc. Other names: 90-degree elbows, right-angle elbows, etc.
