In piping systems, elbows are pipe fittings used to change the direction of the pipeline. Commonly available in 45°, 90°, and 180° angles, additional non-standard angles such as 60° elbows are also available based on engineering requirements. Materials for elbows include cast iron, stainless steel, alloy steel, malleable cast iron, carbon steel, non-ferrous metals, and plastics.
Ways to connect pipes include direct welding (commonly used), flange connection, hot melt connection, electric melt connection, threaded connection, and socket-weld connection, etc. They can be categorized by production process into焊接弯头 (welded elbows), 冲压弯头 (formed elbows), 推制弯头 (mandrel-formed elbows), 铸造弯头 (cast elbows), 对焊弯头 (double-welded elbows), etc. Other names: 90-degree elbows, right-angle bends, etc.
