In piping systems, elbows are fittings used to change the direction of the pipeline. Commonly available in 45°, 90°, and 180° angles, additional non-standard angles such as 60° may also be included based on engineering requirements. Materials for elbows include cast iron, stainless steel, alloy steel, malleable cast iron, carbon steel, non-ferrous metals, and plastics.
Connection methods with pipes include: direct welding (commonly used), flange connection, hot melt connection, electric fusion connection, threaded connection, and socket welding connection, etc. They can be classified according to production process into: welded elbow, stamped elbow, extruded elbow, cast elbow, and double-welded elbow, etc. Other names: 90-degree elbow, right-angle elbow, etc.
