In piping systems, elbows are fittings used to change the direction of the pipeline. Commonly available in 45°, 90°, and 180° angles, additional non-standard angles such as 60° elbows are also available based on engineering requirements. Materials for elbows include cast iron, stainless steel, alloy steel, malleable cast iron, carbon steel, non-ferrous metals, and plastics.
Ways to connect pipes include direct welding (commonly used), flange connection, hot melt connection, electric fusion connection, threaded connection, and socket connection, etc. According to the production process, they can be classified into welded elbows, stamped elbows, mandrel-formed elbows, cast elbows, and double-welded elbows, etc. Other names: 90-degree elbows, right-angle elbows, etc.
