Refractory materials, used in the metallurgical industry, are manufactured from graphite.Graphite CrucibleProtectant for steel ingots and magnesia-carbon bricks for lining smelting furnaces.

2. Conductive materials, widely used in the electrical industry, include graphite as electrodes, brushes, rods, carbon tubes, and coatings for television cathode-ray tubes.

3. Wear-resistant materials and lubricants are used in many mechanical equipment. Graphite, as a wear-resistant and lubricating material, can slide at a speed of 100m/s within a temperature range of -200℃ to 2000℃ without or with minimal lubrication.

4. Sealing materials, including flexible graphite piston ring gaskets, seals, and other components for centrifugal pumps, turbines, steam turbines, and equipment conveying corrosive media.

5. Corrosion-resistant materials, utilizing graphite as vessels, pipes, and equipment, can withstand corrosion from various corrosive gases and liquids. They are widely used in the oil, chemical, and hydrometallurgy industries.

6. Insulation, high-temperature resistance, and radiation shielding materials; graphite can serve as a neutron moderator in nuclear reactors and as rocket nozzles, missile nose cones, aerospace equipment components, insulation materials, and radiation shielding materials.