Roof Insulation and Waterproofing Layer Installation (SBS/APP Modified Asphalt Rolls)
One: Construction Tools: Gasoline torch (3.5L), pulley, brush, mallet, scissors, ruler, broom, etc.
The base treatment: The base layer must be a level cement mortar layer, which must be firm and even, without any loose, bulging, uneven surface protrusions, or roughness. Otherwise, treatment is required.
Three, the subgrade must be dry with a moisture content requirement of 9% or less. Place a roll on the subgrade surface during testing, and if the bottom surface is essentially free of water droplets after 3-5 hours, it is ready for construction.
Before construction, thoroughly clean the residual cement砂浆, dust, and debris from the base surface. Then, apply the primer evenly and once, ensuring consistency. Allow it to dry for at least 8 hours (depending on the temperature, avoid sticking to the feet). The general dosage is 0.2 square meters per liter.
Five, Complex Area Treatment: The阴阳corners should be shaped in an eight character pattern. Additional layers should be applied to the corners of parapets, pipe roots, chimneys, exhaust openings, downspouts, and expansion joints, etc., typically with a width of 30cm and overlap of 6-8cm.
Six, Roll Material Laying: Before laying the roll materials, measure the waterproofing area to be constructed and then use the materials reasonably based on their dimensions. Start laying from the bottom, align the roll materials in place first, leaving an 8cm overlap on the long side and a 10cm overlap on the short side. Then, ignite the torch and heat both the bottom surface of the roll materials and the base surface uniformly (keeping the torch nozzle about 30cm from the surface is ideal). Once the surface of the roll materials melts, roll them forward immediately and press them flat, ensuring the overlap is sealed with melted asphalt. Avoid rolling in air and foreign objects during rolling and prevent misalignment, bulging, and creasing. Finally, use the torch and a roller to seal the seams evenly and meticulously to prevent lifting.
Seven, Labor Protection and Safety Measures: During transportation and construction, prevent the roll materials from being damaged or punctured by hard objects. After completion of the construction, prohibit casual trampling and ensure proper usage protection. Wear gloves during construction to avoid burns and scalds. Store flammable items such as gasoline drums and roll materials separately, away from fire sources, to prevent fires and work-related accidents.
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Roof Insulation and Waterproofing Layer Installation (EPDM Membrane)
A. Basic Processing
The leveling layer of mortar or concrete should be smoothed and polished, ensuring a firm and thoroughly dried surface without any irregularities such as hollows, loose areas, bulges, peeling, cracks, or rough surfaces. The flatness of the base surface should be checked using a 2-meter straightedge, with the deviation not exceeding 5mm.
(2) The roof drainage slope should meet the relevant standard requirements; the junctions at the positive and negative angles between the leveling layer and the structures protruding from the roof (such as parapets, upright walls, expansion joints, pipes, skylights, etc.) should all be rounded with a radius of 20MM or formed into a 45-degree (135-degree) angle.
(3) The drip line at the top of the parapet and eaves must meet the requirements, with the water outlet suitable for laying membranes and ensuring good drainage around it. Prior to laying the membrane waterproofing layer, any dust, grease, or debris on the base must be removed, and the base surface must be clean.
B. Laying and bonding treatment for rolled waterproofing membranes
(1) Rolling Sheet Laying Techniques and Application Scope
The application method for laying membranes is determined based on the type of engineering, structural characteristics, waterproofing locations, and construction conditions, and can be either full-adhesive or loose-laid. The EPDM membrane waterproofing layer can be single or multilayered, depending on the design requirements. For single-layer waterproofing construction, the thickness of the EPDM membrane should be ≥1.5mm.
The adhesive bonding method involves using a specialized base adhesive to bond all the rolls to the base material. Full-adhesive bonding is suitable for the adhesion between rolls and the base material, as well as between rolls themselves in various construction projects.
(2) Roll material placement
Prior to installation, the rolls must be unrolled from their tightly coiled state onto a qualified base layer, allowing them to freely contract from their stretched state. This process eliminates the stress that may have been developed during the rolling process, preventing adverse consequences due to subsequent shrinkage of the rolls.
(3) Full-adhesive Rolled Membrane Waterproofing Method
1) Installing horizontal waterproofing layers
Unroll and position the material: Fold the roll in half, exposing half of the bottom surface; the folded material should be smooth and free of creases.
②, Mix the base adhesive thoroughly and apply it evenly to the base and the rolls using a fibrous roller or a brush, avoiding clumping. Ensure both surfaces are coated, but do not apply the base adhesive to the overlap area of the rolls. Once the base adhesive dries to still be sticky but not sticky to the touch, you can begin laying the rolls.
③ During operation, fold the roll along the length with the adhesive side facing out. Roll the half that has been glued and dried onto the base layer, aligning with the reference line. Do not stretch the roll during installation and avoid wrinkles. After laying each roll, immediately roll the surface firmly to ensure a strong bond. Fold back the unglued half of the roll and complete the installation of the entire roll following the same process.
2) Install waterproofing layers on vertical surfaces
Vertical waterproofing membrane rolls should be laid from bottom to top, with the method of applying adhesive and drying it being the same as that for flat surfaces.
(4) Bonding and Sealing of Rolled Sheet Joints
The connection between the coil and rod utilizes a lap joint method, with a lap width of 80MM for both the short and long sides.
2) Position the adjacent rolls, clean the overlap area with a specialized cleaner, and then apply the adhesive evenly.
3) Once the adhesive has dried to a point where it still has adhesive properties but is not sticky to the touch, apply a 4mm-wide internal sealant strip along the inner edge of the bottom roll within 13mm, ensuring continuous sealant at all joints, particularly where joints intersect.
4) After the internal sealant is extruded and applied, proceed with the overlap bonding of the rolls. Press and remove air while bonding the overlaps, ensuring no stretching of the rolls or creases form. Subsequently, immediately use a handheld steel roller to roll with positive pressure towards the outer edge of the seam, ensuring a strong bond. The rolling direction should be perpendicular to the seam direction.
5) Clean the seams with a cloth dampened with the matching cleaning agent. Apply the lap sealant along the center line of the seam, then use a grooved scraper to firmly press and shape the outer sealant at a 45-degree angle along the seam center line. Apply the lap sealant 2 hours after the lap is completed, and ensure it is finished on the same day.
(5) Waterproofing Protection and Ballast
1) The waterproofing layer must be completed and pass inspection before proceeding with the construction of the protective layer or ballast layer.
2) Protection of the Roof Waterproofing Layer: After the laying of the waterproofing membrane is completed, a protective layer should be laid on the waterproofing layer according to the design requirements and relevant specifications. For walkable roofs, cement mortar, fine-grained concrete rigid protective layer, or block materials can be used as the protective layer; for non-walkable roofs, surface coloring protective coatings can be applied as needed.
C: Quality Requirements
(1) After the completion of the EPDM membrane waterproofing project, there should be no leakage or waterlogging. Inspection for leakage or waterlogging on the roof and the smoothness of the drainage system should be conducted after rain, after a continuous 2-hour soak, or following a water-tightness test.
(2) The varieties, specifications, and performance of the EPDM waterproofing membranes and system accessories should comply with the design requirements and this process. The quality should meet the provisions of relevant standards.
The appearance of the rolled waterproofing layer should be smooth and straight, without any twists or creases.
(4) The laying method and sequence of the rolled waterproofing layer must comply with the requirements of this process. The overlap width should be accurate, and the joints should be tight. The bonding area of the rolled materials should be firmly attached, and the inner and outer sealant strips must be continuous without any interruptions.
(5) Additional waterproofing treatments for general and complex detailed nodes should comply with the requirements of this process. All joints, ends of rolled materials, and tucked-in areas should be sealed tightly in accordance with the specifications of this process using specialized sealing materials, with no interruptions in the sealant. Areas bonded with self-vulcanized EPDM sheet materials should be seamless, with edges sealed with sealing materials.
(6) The setting of the protective layer should comply with the specifications of this process. An isolation layer should be placed between the rigid protective layer and the waterproofing layer. The setting of the partition grooves on the surface of the rigid protective layer should meet national standards and design requirements. The block protective layer should be laid flat, even, and tightly. The partition grooves should be properly set.
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Waterproof Connection Node
Roof waterproofing project nodes are generally numerous and complex. Different structures, forms, and materials lead to varying designs. Numerous nodes include: roof eaves, gutters, downspouts, flashing, coping, as well as the deformation joints, partition joints, pipelines passing through the waterproofing layer, embedded parts, access holes, construction joints, floor drains, and the terminations of the waterproofing layer, etc.
