HW, HM, HN, and H are common abbreviations for H-shaped steel, which is焊接(welded); HW, HM, and HN refer to hot-rolled.

HW is essentially equal in height to the H-shaped steel and flange width; primarily used in the steel core columns of reinforced concrete frame structure columns, also known as rigid steel columns; in steel structures, mainly used for columns

HM is a type of steel with a height-to-flange-width ratio of approximately 1.33 to 1.75, predominantly used in steel structures: serving as frame columns in framed structures that bear dynamic loads and as frame beams; for example, on equipment platforms.

HN steel is characterized by a height-to-flange-width ratio of 2 or greater, primarily used for beams; its applications are equivalent to those of HN steel.

W-beam steel, whether in standard or light design, due to its relatively high and narrow cross-sectional dimensions, exhibits a significant difference in the moment of inertia of its two main flanges. Consequently, it is generally suitable only for members that bend within the plane of their web or for components formed into truss-like structural elements. It is not advisable for use in axially compressed members or in members that bend perpendicular to the plane of the web, which greatly limits its range of application.