International trade in goods and services is composed of merchandising and logistics flows. The former is conducted by international organizations according to international conventions, while the latter is completed by logistics companies based on the production and market structures of each country. To overcome the contradictions between them, it is necessary to develop international logistics that is compatible with international trade.

International Logistics Features:

In summary, international logistics integrates various national logistics systems, thus it possesses characteristics such as a vast market, international nature, complexity, high risk, and diverse choices and combinations of transportation methods, compared to domestic logistics systems.

From the perspective of material transportation methods, examining the forms of international logistics:

(1) Land Transport Logistics (including road and rail combined transport logistics). Neighboring countries by land usually opt for land transportation methods for goods shipment, with trains and trucks being the primary means of transport.

(2) Ocean Logistics. The majority of international logistics involves shipping by sea, primarily using various types of vessels.

(3) Airfreight Logistics. Valuable or small-quantity goods often utilize aircraft or regular passenger flights to meet time-sensitive shipping needs.

(4) Pipeline Logistics. This is a transportation method that utilizes the pressure from high-pressure gas pumps to deliver goods within pipelines to their destination. The medium transported via pipelines has expanded from the common oil and natural gas to include coal and iron ore, among others.

(5) Multimodal transport logistics, referring to the transportation of goods from one country's domestic collection point to another country's delivery point, via at least two different modes of transport, as stipulated under a multimodal transport contract by the multimodal transport operator.

(6) Postal Logistics, referring to the transportation of small quantities of international goods via postal parcels. The specific mode of transportation is not fixed, but primarily focuses on air and land transport.

The meaning of international logistics:

The scope of international logistics research includes areas such as international trade logistics, non-trade international logistics, international logistics investment, international logistics cooperation, and international logistics exchanges. International trade logistics primarily refers to the organization of goods' rational flow between countries. Non-trade international logistics encompasses areas like international exhibition and exhibit logistics, international postal logistics, etc. International logistics cooperation involves enterprises from different countries collaborating to complete significant international economic and technical projects. International logistics investment pertains to logistics companies from various countries jointly investing in establishing international logistics firms.

From the formation of international logistics, view the forms of international logistics:

(1) Factories and companies export products through their export departments to importing countries.

(2) Business companies and their export departments establish branches or overseas offices in the importing country to conduct sales activities.

(3) Factory enterprises directly organize goods for export with the import department.

(4) Manufacturers establish overseas offices in the importing country to export product components, which are then assembled or further processed domestically.

(5) Factory enterprises establish factories in the importing country, with their raw materials primarily sourced domestically, and a small portion imported from the exporting country.

(6) International logistics company operations, providing specialized services for international trade and cross-border business, enhancing service efficiency, allowing businesses to focus on their core competitive strengths.

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